ASTM D2354-10e1

Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.  
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.33 - Polymers and Resins

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2354-10 - Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C647-19 - Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4143-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D2354 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion
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Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Footnote 2 was corrected editorially in March 2013.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
4.1 MinimumFilmFormationTemperatureBar—An MFFT
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mini-
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unit such as is illustrated in Fig. 1. The bar represented in Fig.
mum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form
1 is designed to be used with thermocouples. The thermo-
continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method
couple leads used with the assembly are iron-constantan with
includes latex vehicles.
an external resistance of 10 Ω. Also included is a pyrometer
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having mini-
(not shown in Fig. 1).
mum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
NOTE 1—Thermometers can be used as an alternative way of measuring
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
temperature. It is noted that larger holes ( ⁄32 in.) (4 mm) will have to be
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical drilled in the bar to accommodate the thermometers. If thermometers are
selected, all holes are drilled on the same side of the bar, as opposed to the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
system of alternate placement of holes when using thermocouples.
and are not considered standard.
NOTE2—Aself-containeduniteliminatingtheneedforanyaccessories,
such as for sub-ambient cooling or temperature measurement, and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
requiring only an electrical outlet, piped water, and an air or nitrogen
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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supply has been developed by ICI Paints Division.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 DryAir or Dry Nitrogen Supply, with a regulating valve
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and flow meter.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Film Caster, having a 6-mil (150-µm) clearance.
2. Summary of Test Method
5. Reagents and Materials
2.1 In this test method the minimum film formation tem-
perature (MFFT) is determined by visual observation of 5.1 Dry Ice.
cracking or whitening in films that have dried over a substrate
5.2 Isopropanol, anhydrous.
having a controlled temperature gradient.
3. Significance and Use
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The sole source of supply of the MFFT bar, Model CS 188, known to the
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings committee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific Instrument Corp., 244 East 3rd Street,
Plainfield, NJ 07060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous
information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful consider-
portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low 1
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and
The sole source of supply of the thermometer, Prince No. A-011044 known to
the committee at this time is Princo Instruments Inc., 1020 Industrial Hwy.,
thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand
Southampton, PA 18966. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an
this information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful
important quality feature of emulsion vehicles. 1
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
attend.
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The sole source of supply of the MFFTBAR units, Models MFFT-60, and
MFFT-90, known to the committee at this time is Rhopoint Instrumentation Ltd.,
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint Beeching Rd., Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN39 3LG, England. For the name of
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of a local distributor, telephone them at 011–44–1–424–214291. Interested parties are
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins. invited to submit information regarding the identification of acceptable alternatives
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved to the Committee on Standards, ASTM International. Your comments will receive
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in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2354 – 98 which was careful consideration at a meeting of t
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