ASTM D2354-10

Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.33 - Polymers and Resins

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2354-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C647-19 - Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4143-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 2354 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion
1
Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mini- 4.1 MinimumFilmFormationTemperatureBar—An MFFT
2
mum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form unit such as is illustrated in Fig. 1. The bar represented in Fig.
continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method 1 is designed to be used with thermocouples. The thermo-
includes latex vehicles. couple leads used with the assembly are iron-constantan with
an external resistance of 10 Ω. Also included is a pyrometer
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having mini-
(not shown in Fig. 1).
mum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
NOTE 1—Thermometers can be used as an alternative way of measuring
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3
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temperature. It is noted that larger holes ( ⁄32 in.) (4 mm) will have to be
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
drilled in the bar to accommodate the thermometers. If thermometers are
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
selected, all holes are drilled on the same side of the bar, as opposed to the
and are not considered standard. system of alternate placement of holes when using thermocouples.
NOTE2—Aself-containeduniteliminatingtheneedforanyaccessories,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
such as for sub-ambient cooling or temperature measurement, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
requiring only an electrical outlet, piped water, and an air or nitrogen
4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
supply has been developed by ICI Paints Division.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 DryAir or Dry Nitrogen Supply, with a regulating valve
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and flow meter.
2. Summary of Test Method 4.3 Film Caster, having a 6-mil (150-µm) clearance.
2.1 In this test method the minimum film formation tem-
5. Reagents and Materials
perature (MFFT) is determined by visual observation of
5.1 Dry Ice.
cracking or whitening in films that have dried over a substrate
having a controlled temperature gradient.
2
The sole source of supply of the MFFT bar, Model CS 188, known to the
committee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific, Custom Scientific Instruments Inc.,
3. Significance and Use
244 East 3rd Street, Plainfield, NJ 07060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
please provide this information toASTM International.Your comments will receive
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings
1
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous
you may attend.
portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low 3
The sole source of supply of the thermometer, Prince No. A-011044 known to
temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and
the committee at this time is Princo Instruments Inc., 1020 Industrial Hwy.,
Southampton, PA 18966. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand
this information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful
low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an
1
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
attend.
4
The sole source of supply of the MFFTBAR units, Models MFFT-60, and
MFFT-90, known to the committee at this time is Rhopoint Instrumentation Ltd.,
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint Beeching Rd., Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN39 3LG, England. For the name of
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of a local distributor, telephone them at 011–44–1–424–214291. Interested parties are
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins. invited to submit information regarding the identification of acceptable alternatives
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved to the Committee on Standards, ASTM International. Your comments will receive
1
in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2354 - 98 which was careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
withdrawn March 2007 and reinstated in July 2
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