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ASTM D4143-16(2022)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles

Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
87.060.20 - Binders
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.33 - Polymers and Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2369-24 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E70-24 - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM D2196-18 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscountess
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018
Refers
ASTM D2369-10(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM D3792-05(2015) - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM E70-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM D562-10(2014) - Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D1475-98(2012) - Standard Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D2369-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2011
Refers
ASTM D3168-85(2011) - Standard Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2011
Refers
ASTM D3925-02(2010) - Standard Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D562-10 - Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Refers
ASTM D2354-10e1 - Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Refers
ASTM D2369-10 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Refers
ASTM D2196-10 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010

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ASTM D4143-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4143 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Testing Latex Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex
Emulsion Paints
vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly
D3792 Test Method forWater Content of Coatings by Direct
for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for
Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coat-
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
ings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.
Pigmented Coatings
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
by Karl Fischer Method
standard.
D4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(Withdrawn 2007)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Glass Electrode
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Latex Sampling Methods
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for for-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mulated (pigmented) coatings that are equally applicable to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
latex vehicles.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Nonvolatile Content
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for the
determination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles.
2. Referenced Documents
Nonvolatile content is obtained by subtracting the results from
2.1 ASTM Standards:
100.
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
NOTE 1—Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter bake
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
time than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should be
eter
noted in the report of the results.
D1417 Test Methods for Rubber Latices—Synthetic
4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be deter-
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
mined for quality control purposes with Test Method D4758
and Related Products
which specifies baking at 180 °C for 20 min, conditions
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
selected to allow completion of testing in1hor less. For latex
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
vehicles used in certain air-dry or low temperature bake
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film FormationTempera-
coatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitive
ture (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
materials, the use of the milder test conditions of Test Method
D2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effective
nonvolatile content.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
4.2.1 TestMethodD4758isnotintendedtobeemployedfor
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.
determining the volatile organic content (VOC) of formulated
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
coatings.
in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4143 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/
D4143-16R22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4143 − 16 (2022)
TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex Vehicles
8. Viscosity
Test Method Section ASTM
...

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3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.  
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3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivatives often contain volatile material derived from the raw material used or formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. This volatile material can have a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the rosin and so a standard method for its determination is required.
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the Wijs procedure for determination of unsaturation (iodine value) of tall oil fatty acids.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D1065-18(2022)(Test Method)
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3.1 This test method is designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived from products as test materials. Test Methods D803 currently includes a method for the determination of unsaponifiable matter.  
3.2 The amount of unsaponifiable matter in tall oil and other related products is important in characterizing such products as it indicates the level of nonacidic material, both free and combined, present in the test material. The unsaponifiable in naval stores products is primarily composed of higher molecular weight alcohols, sterols, and hydrocarbons.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of material in pine chemicals products as defined in Terminology D804 including rosin, tall oil, and related products, other than insoluble dirt or similar visible foreign matter that does not yield a water-soluble soap when the sample is saponified with potassium hydroxide.  
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Note 1: It has been reported that this method may not be applicable to gum rosin, especially any gum rosin containing volatile terpenes. Volatile terpenes are by definition unsaponifiable matter, and can be lost under the drying conditions described in 8.4. The method is applicable to tall oil rosin and wood rosin as these rosins do not contain volatile terpenes.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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