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ASTM C1054-18

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Establish by mutual agreement and specify in the report the forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming pressure when referee testing.  
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 41/2 by 21/2-in. (228 by 114 by 64-mm) samples, because of their large cross section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.  
3.3 The purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field installation conditions.  
3.4 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in a specimen. Establish by mutual agreement the workability level when comparing tests between two laboratories.  
3.5 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin-bonded mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and non-chemically bonded alumin-silicate and high-alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C673.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C181-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Refers
ASTM C179-14 - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
01-Sep-2014
Referred By
ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Referred By
ASTM C417-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Referred By
ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Referred By
ASTM C133-97(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018

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ASTM C1054-18 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensASTM C1054-18 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1054 − 18
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope testing when setting specifications between producer and user.
Establish by mutual agreement and specify in the report the
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemi-
forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and
cally and non-chemically bonded alumin-silicate and high-
forming pressure when referee testing.
alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classi-
fied in accordance with Classification C673.
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens
1 1
of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114 by
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross section, have a
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and
information only.
drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 The purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
installation conditions.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.4 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
a specimen. Establish by mutual agreement the workability
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
level when comparing tests between two laboratories.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.5 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin-
bonded mixes.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Apparatus
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
(Note 1) and capable of pressing to a minimum of 1500 psi
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
(10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-sectional
C673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic
area specimen.
Refractories and Ramming Mixes
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so
3. Significance and Use
that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the
specific test.
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens
of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard
4.2 Drying Oven, preferably forced draft rather than natural
ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee
convection, capable of maintaining 230 °F (110 °C) with a
capacity to hold the specimens.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
4.3 Balance, with sufficient capacity to measure specimens
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
with sensitivity of 0.02 lb (9 g).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1054 – 13. DOI:
4.4 Thermometer, with a range of 0 to 180 6 0.1 °F (–18 to
10.1520/C1054-18.
2 80 6 0.05 °C).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.5 Linear Measuring Device, capable of being read to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1054 − 18
4.6 Mold Lubricant—Either paraffin or silicone-based oils
can be used as a parting agent for coati
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1054 − 13 C1054 − 18
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and non-chemically bonded alumin-silicate and high alumina
high-alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C673.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
C673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard ASTM
tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Establish by
mutual agreement and specify in the report the forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming pressure when
referee testing.
1 1
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. -in. (228 by 114 by
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, cross section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing,
handling, and drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
3.3 The purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field installation
conditions.
3.4 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in a
specimen. Establish by mutual agreement the workability level when comparing tests between two laboratories.
3.5 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin bonded
resin-bonded mixes.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
(Note 1) and capable of pressing to a minimum of 1500 psi (10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-sectional area
specimen.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2018. Published June 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
C1054 – 03 (2008).C1054 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C1054-13.10.1520/C1054-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1054 − 18
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the specific
test.
4.2 Drying Oven, preferably forced-draft forced draft rather than natural convection, capable of maintaining 230°F
(110°C)230 °F (110 °C) with a capacity to hold the specimens.
4.3 Balance, with sufficient capacity to measure specimens with s
...

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Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
3.2 The test, which creates and measures the expansion, is suitable for guidance in product development and relative comparison in application work where oxidation potential is of concern. The variability of the test is such that it is not recommended for use as a referee test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C24-09(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time, temperature, and atmosphere.  
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many variables that are difficult to control. Therefore, an experienced operator may be necessary where PCE values are being utilized for specification purposes.  
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high-alumina refractories.  
5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay variations, mining control, and developing raw material specifications.  
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is sometimes applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina. Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and never be used for specification purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with inch-pound in parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units without parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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