ASTM E309-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the detection and location of discontinuities such as pits, voids, inclusions, cracks, or abrupt dimensional variations in ferromagnetic tubing using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. Furthermore, the relative severity of a discontinuity may be indicated, and a rejection level may be set with respect to the magnitude of the indication.
The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different than that from artificial discontinuities such as drilled holes or notches. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to establish the sensitivity level and set-up required to detect natural discontinuities of consequence to the end use of the product.
Eddy-current testing systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube. The extent of the end effect region can be determined in accordance with 8.6.
Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the external surface increases, the response to deep-seated discontinuities decreases and some deep-seated discontinuities may give no detectable repsonse.
Discontinuity orientation also affects the system response and should be taken into consideration when establishing the examination sensitivity.
In preparing a reference standard for welded tubing, artificial discontinuities should be placed in both the weld metal and the parent metal when the responses are expected to be different and if both are to be examined. The apparatus is then adjusted to obtain an optimum signal-to-noise ratio.
When examining only the weld area, the discontinuities shall be placed only in the weld area.
The examination frequency and the type of apparatus being used should be considered when choosing the examining speed. Certain types of equipment are effective only over a given speed range; therefore, the examining speed should fall within this range.
Discontinuities such as sc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a concentrated, strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil.
Note 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However, eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type of discontinuity.
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately 1/4 to 10 in. (6.35 to 254.0 mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using party or parties.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation: E309 − 11
StandardPractice for
Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using
1
Magnetic Saturation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is Testing
rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
concentrated,strongmagneticfieldintheregionadjacenttothe 2.2 Other Documents:
examining coil. SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
4
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
4
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current
2.3 Military Standard:
testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However,
MIL-STD-410E Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifi-
eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating
5
cation and Certification
probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance disconti-
nuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to
3. Terminology
maximize the response received from a particular type of
3.1 General—For definitions of terms used in this practice,
discontinuity.
refer to Terminology E1316.
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products
1
4. Summary of Practice
having outside diameters from approximately ⁄4 to 10 in. (6.35
to254.0mm).Thesetechniqueshavebeenusedforsmallerand
4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general
larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual
techniques shown in Fig. 1.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
4.1.1 Onetechniqueemploysoneormoreexciterandsensor
coils that encircle the tube and through which the tubular
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they
product to be examined is passed. Some circuit configurations
must be specified by the using party or parties.
employ one or more coils that concurrently function as both
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
exciters and sensors. Alternating current passes through the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
exciting coil which, by reason of its proximity, induces
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
corresponding currents (eddy currents) to flow in the tubular
and are not considered standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electromagnetic Method. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E309 - 95(2006). DOI: 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
10.1520/E0309-11. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recom- Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
mended Practice SE 309 in Section V of that Code. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
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E309 − 11
(a)Encircling Coil.
(b) Probe Coil—longitudinal scanning of weld seam only.
(c)Probe Coil—scanning along a spiral path.
FIG. 1 Encircling-Coil and Probe-Coil Techniques for Electromagnetic Testing of Tubular Products
product. The sensor coil detects the resultant electromagnetic examining coil or probe. This technique, known as magnetic
flux related to these currents.The presence of discontinuities in saturation, is applied to a magnetic material, such
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E309–95 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: E309 – 11
Standard Practice for
Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using
1
Magnetic Saturation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe and
tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a concentrated,
strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil.
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current examinationtesting methods using an encircling-coil assembly.
However, eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance
discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type of
discontinuity.
1
1.3 Thispracticeisintendedforuseontubularproductshavingoutsidediametersfromapproximately ⁄4to10in.(6.35to254.0
mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement
between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using party or parties.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
4
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Military Standard:
5
MIL-STD-410E Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
3. Terminology
3.1General—Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examination may be found in Terminology
3.1 General—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E1316, Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E309-95(2001). DOI:
10.1520/E0309-95R06.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E309 - 95(2006). DOI:
10.1520/E0309-11.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Practice SE 309 in Section V of that Code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.19111-5098,
http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E309 – 11
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general techniques shown in Fig. 1.
4.1.1 One technique employs one or more exciter and sensor coils that encircle the tube and through which the tubular product
to be examined is passed. Some circuit configurations employ one or more coils th
...
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