ASTM E1930/E1930M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
Standard Practice for Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General—This procedure is used for evaluation of the structural integrity of atmospheric storage tanks. The AE method can detect flaws which are in locations that are stressed during pressurization. Such locations include the tank wall, welds attaching pads to the tank, nozzle attachments, and welds attaching circumferential stiffeners to the tank. Among the potential sources of acoustic emission are:
In both parent metal and weld associated regions:
Cracks,
The effect of corrosion, including cracking of corrosion products or local yielding,
Stress corrosion cracking,
Certain physical changes, including yielding and dislocations,
Embrittlement, and
Pits and gouges.
In weld associated regions:
Incomplete fusion,
Lack of penetration,
Undercuts, and
Voids and porosity.
Inclusions:
Contamination.
In parent metal:
Laminations.
In brittle linings:
Cracks,
Chips, and
Inclusions.
Note 1—Not all of these sources are typically encountered in field examination, some are detected under laboratory conditions.
Accuracy of the results from this practice can be influenced by factors related to setup and calibration of instrumentation, background noise, material properties and characteristics of an examined structure.
The outcome of this practice is to determine if the tank is suitable for service or if follow-up NDT is needed before that determination can be made.
Unstressed Areas—Flaws in unstressed areas and passive flaws (those that are structurally insignificant under the applied load) will not generate AE. Such locations can include the roof and certain welds associated with platforms, ladders, and stairways.
Passive Flaws (in Stressed Areas)—Some flaws in stressed areas might not generate acoustic emission during stressing. This usually means that the flaw has a higher stress tolerance than the examination stress.
Filling—Filling proceeds at rates which minimize AE activity caused by fluid flow and which allow vessel defor...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage tanks of the type used for storage of liquids.
1.2 This practice will detect acoustic emission in areas of sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the examination. For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the liquid level). The examination may not detect flaws on the bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the bottom.
1.3 This practice may require that the tank experience a load that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before performing this examination.
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials).
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emission sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the nature and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing temperature and below its boiling temperature.
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not exceed design pressure.
1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this examination but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combi...
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Designation: E1930/E1930M − 12
Standard Practice for
Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
1
Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1930/E1930M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedin
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
(AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
tanks of the type used for storage of liquids.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
1.2 This practice will detect acoustic emission in areas of
with the standards.
sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
examination. For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquid level). The examination may not detect flaws on the
bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bottom. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
1.3 Thispracticemayrequirethatthetankexperienceaload
that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal
2. Referenced Documents
contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
Testing
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
performing this examination.
Sensors
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel,
E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
Emission Sensor Response
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials). E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
Verification
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emis-
sion sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the 2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standard:
nature and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures
RecommendedPracticeASNTSNT-TC-1A forQualification
3
forotherNDTtechniquesarebeyondthescopeofthispractice.
and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing tempera-
3
cation of NDT Personnel
ture and below its boiling temperature.
2.3 ASME Standard:
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not
4
Section V, Article 12, Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
exceed design pressure.
1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this exami-
nation but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- the ASTM website.
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Acoustic Emission Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1930 - 07. DOI: International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
10.1520/E1930_E1930M-12. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1930/E1930M − 12
2.4 AIA Document: 5.1.1.4 Certain physical changes, including yielding and
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive dislocations,
5
Testing Personnel
5.1.1
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1930–07 Designation:E1930/E1930M–12
Standard Practice for
Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
1
Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1930/E1930M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of new and in-service aboveground storage tanks
of the type used for storage of liquids.
1.2 Thispracticewilldetectacousticemissioninareasofsensorcoveragethatarestressedduringthecourseoftheexamination.
For flat-bottom tanks these areas will generally include the sidewalls (and roof if pressure is applied above the liquid level). The
examination may not detect flaws on the bottom of flat-bottom tanks unless sensors are located on the bottom.
1.3 This practice may require that the tank experience a load that is greater than that encountered in normal use. The normal
contents of the tank can usually be used for applying this load.
1.4 This practice is not valid for tanks that will be operated at a pressure greater than the examination pressure.
1.5 It is not necessary to drain or clean the tank before performing this examination.
1.6 This practice applies to tanks made of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals.
1.7 This practice may also detect defects in tank linings (for example, high-bulk, phenolics and other brittle materials).
1.8 AE measurements are used to detect and localize emission sources. Other NDT methods may be used to confirm the nature
and significance of the AE indications (s). Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.9 Examination liquid must be above its freezing temperature and below its boiling temperature.
1.10 Superimposed internal or external pressures must not exceed design pressure.
1.11 Leaks may be found during the course of this examination but their detection is not the intention of this practice.
1.12The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.12 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standard:
3
Recommended Practice ASNT SNT-TC-1A for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1930-02. DOI:
10.1520/E1930-07.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1930 - 07. DOI:
10.1520/E1930_E1930M-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this s
...
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