ASTM F2871-23

Standard Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire

ABSTRACT
This specification contains the general requirements for the 245/7OR19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test. Provided in this specification is a 19.5 rim diameter code standard truck design and construction, standard dimensions, and standard conditions of storage. A reference tire is covered in this specification for braking traction, snow traction, wear evaluations pavement roughness, noise and other forms of test requiring a reference tire. Test methods of the tensile sheet cure, the 300% stress elongation, and tensile sheet strength should be in accordance to the specified testing requirements presented in D3182, and D412. The testing procedure also includes using of Type A durometer centred at the presser foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm, chaking the durometer operation and the state of durometer calibration with rubber reference, determining tire tread hardness by four readings and quickly applying the presser foot to the tire tread without inducing shock.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 245/70R19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.  
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 This specification provides a 19.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2023
• ICS: 83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres
• Technical Committee: F09 - Tires
• Drafting Committee: F09.20 - Vehicular Testing

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F2872-19 - Standard Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1136-19 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM F2493-18 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM E1136-17 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM F2870-16 - Standard Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2872-16 - Standard Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM E1136-14 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2014
• Refers: ASTM F2493-14 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM F2870-11 - Standard Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2011
• Refers: ASTM F2872-11 - Standard Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2011
• Refers: ASTM F538-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM F2493-08 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Refers: ASTM F2493-06 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM F538-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Refers: ASTM F538-99 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999

Overview

ASTM F2871-23: Standard Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire establishes critical requirements for a standard reference test tire used in truck testing and research. This specification outlines the design, dimension, construction, and operational requirements for a 19.5-inch rim diameter radial truck tire. The reference test tire described here is primarily used to ensure repeatability and comparability in braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations in commercial vehicle tire testing environments.

By providing a standardized radial truck reference tire, ASTM F2871-23 helps laboratories, manufacturers, and regulatory agencies achieve consistency in test results across multiple testing locations and timeframes.

Key Topics

• Design and Construction: The standard specifies essential features such as steel-belted radial construction, specific tread design, sidewall specifications, and compliance with ETRTO standards for tire dimensions and tolerances.
• Physical Properties: The document establishes limits for the tire tread’s physical properties, including tensile strength, elongation, durometer hardness, and stress at 300% elongation, ensuring consistency in test tire quality.
• Testing Methods: It references ASTM and ISO standards for determining properties such as tensile strength (ASTM D412) and durometer hardness (ASTM D2240, ISO 868, ISO 21509), providing clear, standardized test procedures.
• Operational Recommendations: Guidance is provided regarding the use, mounting, and storage of the reference test tire to maintain its integrity and performance as a testing benchmark.
• Applications in Testing: The standard highlights the use of this reference tire for key evaluations such as braking traction, snow traction, tire wear, pavement roughness, and noise metrics.

Applications

The ASTM F2871-23 standard is vital for organizations involved in the development, testing, and regulatory assessment of truck and commercial vehicle tires. Main applications include:

• Braking and Snow Traction Testing: Used as a control tire, the reference ensures repeatable results in wet and snow traction tests as required in global tire certification programs.
• Wear Evaluation: Provides a benchmark for measuring tire longevity, allowing testing laboratories to compare candidates against a known standard.
• Pavement Interaction Studies: Facilitates noise and pavement roughness assessments by providing a standardized tire profile and construction, reducing variability in surface-tire interaction data.
• Regulatory Compliance: Agencies and manufacturers can use results from reference tires to demonstrate compliance with safety and performance regulations.
• Research and Development: Tire technology developers rely on the standard reference tire to benchmark innovations and modifications in commercial truck tires.

Consistent use of the ASTM F2871-23 specified tire reduces testing variability due to differences in tire construction, aiding international harmonization of truck tire performance assessments.

Related Standards

For comprehensive tire testing and harmonization, ASTM F2871-23 references and relates to several important standards:

• ASTM D412 - Test Methods for Rubber Property-Tension
• ASTM D2240 - Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness
• ASTM D3182 - Practice for Rubber-Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing and Preparing Standard Compounds
• ASTM F538 - Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Performance of Tires
• ASTM F2493, F2870, F2872 - Specifications for other standard reference test tires in different sizes
• ISO 868, ISO 21509 - International standards for durometer hardness testing methodology

These related standards further define test methodologies and reference products, ensuring robust, repeatable, and internationally recognized evaluation of truck tires.

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Keywords: ASTM F2871, standard reference test tire, radial truck tire, braking traction, snow traction, tire wear evaluation, tire testing standard, commercial vehicle tire, tire noise, pavement roughness, ISO standards, ETRTO compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2871 − 23
Standard Specification for
245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test
Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5992 Guide for Dynamic Testing of Vulcanized Rubber
and Rubber-Like Materials Using Vibratory Methods
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
the 245/70R19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test
E1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Refer-
tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use
ence Test Tire
as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear
F538 Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Perfor-
performance evaluations, but may also be used for other
mance of Tires
evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests
F2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard
that require a reference tire.
Reference Test Tire
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial
these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
1.2 This specification provides a 19.5 rim diameter code
F2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial
standard truck tire design and construction, standard
Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1 Definitions:
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
tion only and are not considered standard.
to Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or prop-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and skid resistance. E867
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 pitch, n—unit of tread pattern elements used in various
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—a tire that is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
commonly used as a control tire or surface monitoring tire and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
meets the requirements for one of Specifications E1136,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
F2493, F2870, F2871, or F2872. F538
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Design and Construction
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The 245/70R19.5 136/134M standard reference test tire
2.1 ASTM Standards: shall feature the steel-belted radial technology, and a smooth-
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ribbed tread design, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with technology as
ness described in Sections 5 – 7.
4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the European
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) dimensions
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
and tolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
the current ETRTO Standards Manual.
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2871 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/F2871-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation, Avenue
the ASTM website. d’Auderghem 22-28 Box 9 - B 1040 Brussels - Belgium, [e-mail].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2871 − 23
5.3 The standard reference test tire shall be as originally
molded without any tread grinding or repairs.
5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are
proprietary, they shall be controlled by means of their physical
properties given in Table 1.
5.4.1 These physical properties are to be considered tread
compound quality control parameters for use by the SRTT
manufacturer prior to tire production. These parameters may
vary when compared to samples taken from a cured tire.
5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations are
given in Section 7.
5.6 The tire shall be of the following construction:
5.6.1 One-ply sidewall construction (steel).
5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (one-ply steel and four
steel belts).
5.6.3 Black sidewall.
6. Physical Properties
6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listed
in Table 1.
FIG. 1 Front View of the 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Stan-
dard Reference Test Tire
7. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations
7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and are
shown in Fig. 3. When targets and tolerances are not specified,
tire dimensions and weights are subject to manufacturer’s
normal targets and tolerances.
7.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles (at 825 kPa
(120 psi)):
7.2.1 The tread width shall be 208 mm (8.19 in.), and the
cross-sectional tread radius shall be 625 mm 6 50.8 mm (24.61
in. 6 2.0 in.) on the center and 475mm 6 50.8 mm (18.70 in.
6 2.0 in.) on the shoulder.
7.2.2 The tread radius is measured using a reference radius
template as shown in Fig. 4.
7.2.3 The tire shall have an overall section width of 251.6
FIG. 2 Side View of the 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Stan-
mm (9.91 in.), and an outside diameter of 849 mm (33.43 in.)
dard Reference Test Tire
when mounted on a measuring rim (19.5 by 7.50 rim).
7.2.4 The cured cord angles shall be 90 6 8° for the carcass
and 65 6 4° for belt 1, 26 6 4° for belt 2, and 18 6 4° for belts
4.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by
3 and 4.
Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin. The tire is
stamped on the sidewall with the words: “Standard Reference
7.3 Ribs—The tire shall have five ribs.
Test Tire” and “F2871”.
7.4 Grooves—The tire shall have four circumferential
grooves having a minimum tread depth of 12.8 mm (0.504 in.).
5. Materials and Manufacture
7.5 Tread Design:
5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall con-
7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area Fraction—22 %.
form to the manufacturer’s design standards.
7.5.2 Number of Pitches—72.
5.2 Tread compound, fabric pro
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2871 − 16 F2871 − 23
Standard Specification for
245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test
Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 245/70R19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test tire. The
tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance
evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference
tire.
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 This specification provides a 19.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and
specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412D2240 Test MethodsMethod for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—TensionRubber Property—
Durometer Hardness
D3182D5992 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
Standard Vulcanized SheetsGuide for Dynamic Testing of Vulcanized Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials Using Vibratory
Methods
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
E1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
F538 Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Performance of Tires
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2023. Published November 2016September 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016
as F2871 – 11.F2871 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F2871-16.10.1520/F2871-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2871 − 23
F2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
F2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 868 Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 21509 Plastics and Ebonite – Verification of Shore durometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology F538.
3.1.2 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or property of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture, and skid
resistance. E867
3.1.3 pitch, n—unit of tread pattern elements used in various combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
3.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—a tire that is commonly used as a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,
surface monitoring tire and meets the requirements for one of Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, andor F2872 tires).
F538
4. Design and Construction
4.1 The 245/70R19.5 136/134M standard reference test tire shall feature the steel-belted radial technology, and a smooth-ribbed
tread design, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with technology as described in Sections 5 – 7.
4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) dimensions and
tolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in the current ETRTO Standards Manual.
FIG. 1 Front View of the 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation 78/80, rue Defacqz – B-1060 Brussels Belgium.Organisation, Avenue d’Auderghem 22-28 Box 9 -
B 1040 Brussels - Belgium, [e-mail].
F2871 − 23
FIG. 2 Side View of the 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
4.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin. The tire is stamped on
the sidewall with the words: “Standard Reference Test Tire” and “F2871”.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall conform to the manufacturer’s design standards.
5.2 Tread compound, fabric processing, and all the steps in tire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimum variability
between tires.
5.3 The standard reference test tire shall be as originally molded without any tread grinding or repairs.
5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are proprietary, they shall be controlled by means of their physical properties given
in Table 1.
5.4.1 These physical properties are to be considered tread compound quality control parameters for use by the SRTT manufacturer
prior to tire production. These parameters may vary when compared to samples taken from a cured tire.
5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations are given in Section 7.
5.6 The tire shall be of the following construction:
5.6.1 One-ply sidewall construction (steel).
5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (one-ply steel and four steel belts).
TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Tread Compound
Tensile sheet cure, min at 160°C (320°F) 15.0 min
Dissipation factor tangent delta at –20°C 0.305 ± 0.014
Stress at 300 % elongation, Mpa (psi) 11.0 ± 2.0 MPa (1595 ± 290 psi)
Shear modulus G* at –10°C 3.01 ± 0.59 MPa (435 ± 86 psi)
Tensile strength, min MPa (psi) 15.5 MPa (2250 psi) min
Elongation, min % 450 % min
A
Durometer hardness 66 ± 2 Type A
A
Measured on cured tire tread.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin CERL Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes
Dechaux, 630463040 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 09,9, France (attn. F43 Magasin [e-mail] – specify 245/70R19.5 136/134L Michelin truck SRTT).
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
F2871 − 23
5.6.3 Black sidewall.
6. Physical Properties
6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listed i
...