ASTM D86-16

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.  
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.  
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.  
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2016
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D86-15 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6593-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D8147-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6352-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E769-22 - Standard Test Methods for Odor of Methanol, Ethanol, <emph type="ital">n</emph>-Propanol, and Isopropanol
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6560-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D2890-92(2018) - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Liquid Heat Capacity of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D2887-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7500-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils&#x2014;in Boiling Range from 100&#x2009;&#xb0;C to 735&#x2009;&#xb0;C by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D86 − 16
StandardTest Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates,
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxy-
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
genates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels,
diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special may be prohibited by law.
petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 %
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these
samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the
method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this
2. Referenced Documents
basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to
ethanol-fuelblendssuchasEd75andEd85(SpecificationD5798)orother
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
2
RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
quantities of residual material.
required.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
instruments.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses
(Reid Method)
are provided for information only.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
Petroleum Products
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally
3
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D86 – 15. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D0086-16. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D86 − 15 D86 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch
distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates,
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel
fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2
burner fuels.
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples
are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be
concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with
2
greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition of
the standards indicated below, unless otherwise specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlier
versions of the method(s) identified may be required.
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123. It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 1, 2016. Published December 2015August 2016. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 as
D86 – 12.D86 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D0086-15.10.1520/D0086-16.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...