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ASTM D4857-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is primarily intended for the evaluation of lubricants for use in two-stroke-cycle engines of high specific output.
Note 1—If the test method is being used to satisfy a portion of Specification D 4859, refer to the specification for the pass-fail criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking. Piston varnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4857-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4857-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008

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ASTM D4857-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than OutboardsASTM D4857-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
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ASTM D4857-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4857–03
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring
Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engines Other Than Outboards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2 Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubri-
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
cants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gaso-
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
line engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking. Piston
D 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-
varnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.
leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combus-
1.2 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsarethestandard.Thevalues
tion and Chemiluminescence Detection
given in parentheses are provided for information only.
D 4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Gasoline Engines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 4859 Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of
2. Referenced Documents Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
3
D 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma
B 152 Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Rolled Bar
E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
Closed Cup Tester
G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
2.2 ANSI Standard:
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Tempera-
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
4
ture Measurement Thermocouples
and Opaque Liquids
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
3. Terminology
and Additives
3.1 Definitions:
D 2270 Practice for CalculatingViscosity Index from Kine-
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
the ring is free in its groove while the engine is running but
stuck when the piston is cold, normally indicated by the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on absence of varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ring and of signs of blowby on the piston skirt.
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4857–02.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
beobtainedfromtheASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
Information Letters through No. 02-2. other inserted components. D 4858
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4857–03
3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which the 5. Significance and Use
ringis
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off