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ASTM D287-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60 °F (15.56 °C).  
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature.  
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible.  
5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion.  
5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 14.696 psi (101.325 kPa) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to values at 60 °F (15.56 °C), or converted to values at 60 °F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.  
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of the petroleum measurement tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.  
1.3 The initial hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.5.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2022
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.02 - Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API)
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D287-22 - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)ASTM D287-22 - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D287 − 22
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer/Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of theAPI gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(Test Method D323) of 14.696 psi (101.325kPa) or less.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Valuesaredeterminedatexistingtemperaturesandcorrectedto
For specific warning statement, see 8.5.
values at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
means ofAdjunct to D1250 Standard Guide for the Use of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Re-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fined Products, and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS Chapter
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer
2
readings and not density measurements. Values are measured
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at
D323TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for
(Reid Method)
the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alter-
D1250Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM
nate calibration temperature effects and to the reference tem-
Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction
peraturebymeansofthepetroleummeasurementtables;values
FactorsforGeneralizedCrudeOils,RefinedProducts,and
obtainedatotherthanthereferencetemperaturebeinghydrom-
Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
eter readings and not density measurements.
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.3 The initial hydrometer readings determined shall be
ucts by Hydrometer Method
recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calcu-
D6822Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
lations required in Section 9 shall be performed and docu-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
mentedbeforeusingthefinalresultinasubsequentcalculation
ucts by Thermohydrometer Method
procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor
D7962Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
calculation, or base prover volume determination).
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ment Drift
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D8164Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers for Petro-
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricant Testing
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on
mometers
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02
/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for
2
Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published February 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D287–12b (2019). Standards volume information, refer to the standa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D287 − 12b (Reapproved 2019) D287 − 22
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer Method)(Hydrometer/Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the
API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method
D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) 14.696 psi (101.325 kPa) or less. GravitiesValues are determined at existing temperatures and
corrected to values at 60 °F (15.56 °C), or converted to values at 60 °F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum
Measurement Tables Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume
Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables
are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a
hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus
effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of
volume correction tables.the petroleum measurement tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being
hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
1.3 The initial hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations
required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure
(measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.38.5.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint
ASTM-API).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2019February 2023. Originally approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 20122019
as D287–12b. –12b (2019). DOI: 10.1520/D0287-12BR19.10.1520/D0287-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D287 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D1250 Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for
Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D6822 Test Method for Density, Relat
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5443-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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