ASTM D6748-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Storage stability depends on complex interactions. It varies with feedstock type and source, and the processing used. The rate of degradation may not change uniformly with temperature. Chemical reactions may lead to a change in color followed by the formation of soluble gums and insoluble sediments. Insoluble sediments may overload filters, and plug nozzles and injectors.
5.2 This test method, which does not require the test sample to be heated, uses a portable apparatus and allows tests to be carried out on site or in the laboratory to give a result within 35 min.
5.3 The potential beneficial effects of stability additives in fuels may not be recognized by this test method. Therefore, the actual storage stability of middle distillate fuels with stability additives may not be correctly indicated by these test results.
5.4 The unstable reactive compounds (phenalenes and phenalenones) detected by this test method may be present in fuels containing catalytically cracked or straight run materials and can affect the potential instability of the fuel.
5.5 If this test method is used by any party for a rapid assessment of stability, it is the responsibility of parties concerned to decide whether or not this procedure yields meaningful results.
5.6 Interpretation of results and correlation with other test methods is given in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure3 for the rapid determination of phenalenes and phenalenones in middle distillate fuels, including marine, automotive, heating, and gas turbine fuel such as those specified in Specifications D396, D975, D2069, and D2880. Phenalenes and phenalenones affect the potential instability of fuels, leading to fuel degradation products during storage, which may cause performance problems.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both dyed and undyed fuels at all points in the distribution chain from refinery to end-user. It is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. The portable apparatus allows the whole test to be conducted on site or in a laboratory and does not require the test sample to be heated.
1.3 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a relative absorbance of up to 5.00 absorbance units (AU).
Note 1: The precision of the test method has been established on relative absorbance up to 1.00 AU. For relative absorbance above 1.00 AU the precision may not apply.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6748 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate
Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and
Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable
1,2
Spectrophotometer)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the rapid
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determination of phenalenes and phenalenones in middle
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
distillate fuels, including marine, automotive, heating, and gas
turbine fuel such as those specified in Specifications D396,
2. Referenced Documents
D975, D2069, and D2880. Phenalenes and phenalenones affect
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the potential instability of fuels, leading to fuel degradation
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
products during storage, which may cause performance prob-
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
lems.
5
D2069 Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
1.2 This test method is applicable to both dyed and undyed
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
fuels at all points in the distribution chain from refinery to
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
end-user. It is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil.
Petroleum Products
The portable apparatus allows the whole test to be conducted
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
on site or in a laboratory and does not require the test sample
Fuels, and Lubricants
to be heated.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a
Petroleum Products
relative absorbance of up to 5.00 absorbance units (AU). D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
NOTE 1—The precision of the test method has been established on
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
relativeabsorbanceupto1.00AU.Forrelativeabsorbanceabove1.00AU
the precision may not apply. Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Middle Distillate Fuels
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6
2.2 Other Standards:
Def Stan 05-50 Methods for Testing Fuels and Lubricants
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
and Associated Products, Part 40 — Storage Stability of
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Diesel Fuels
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6748 – 02a (2017).
4
DOI: 10.1520/D6748-22. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
This test method is being jointly developed with the Institute of Petroleum contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
where it is designated IP 463. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
This process is covered by US Patent 5,378,632. Interested parties are invited the ASTM website.
5
to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
patented item to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive www.astm.org.
6
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which Available from United Kingdom Defence Standardization, Room 1138, Kenti-
you may attend. gern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX. United Kingdom.
*A Summary of Changes section
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6748 − 02a (Reapproved 2017) D6748 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate
Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and
Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable
1,2
Spectrophotometer)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
3
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the rapid determination of phenalenes and phenalenones in middle distillate fuels,
including marine, automotive, heating, and gas turbine fuel such as those specified in Specifications D396, D975, D2069, and
D2880. Phenalenes and phenalenones affect the potential instability of fuels, leading to fuel degradation products during storage,
which may cause performance problems.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both dyed and undyed fuels at all points in the distribution chain from refinery to end-user.
It is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. The portable apparatus allows the whole test to be conducted on site or in a
laboratory and does not require the test sample to be heated.
1.3 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a relative absorbance of up to 5.00 absorbance units (AU).
NOTE 1—The precision of the test method has been established on relative absorbance up to 1.00 AU. For relative absorbance above 1.00 AU the precision
may not apply.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2022. Published November 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D6748D6748 – 02a (2017).–02a (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6748-02AR17.10.1520/D6748-22.
2
This test method is being jointly developed with the Institute of Petroleum where it is designated IP 463.
3
This process is covered by US Patent 5,378,632. Interested parties are invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this patented item
to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6748 − 22
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
5
D2069 Specification for Marine Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E275 Practice for Desc
...
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