ASTM C900-12a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.Note 1—Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations.
4.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-place strength of concrete has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed;(3) structure may be placed into service; or(4) winter protection and curing may be terminated.
In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing constructions.
4.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element.
4.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the outer zone of concrete members and can be of benefit in evaluating the cover zone of reinforced concrete members.
4.5 Cast-in-place i...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required to pull an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete fragment from a concrete test specimen or structure. The insert is either cast into fresh concrete or installed in hardened concrete. This test method does not provide statistical procedures to estimate other strength properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2
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Designation: C900 − 12a
StandardTest Method for
1
Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A metal insert is either cast into fresh concrete or
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout
installed into hardened concrete. When an estimate of the
strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required
in-place strength is desired, the insert is pulled by means of a
to pull an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete
jack reacting against a bearing ring. The pullout strength is
fragmentfromaconcretetestspecimenorstructure.Theinsert
determined by measuring the maximum force required to pull
is either cast into fresh concrete or installed in hardened
the insert from the concrete mass. Alternatively, the insert is
concrete. This test method does not provide statistical proce-
loadedtoaspecifiedloadtoverifywhetheraminimumlevelof
dures to estimate other strength properties.
in-place strength has been attained.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and
4.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout
footnoteswhichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesand
strengths can be related to compressive strength test results.
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of
considered as requirements of this test method.
the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal
weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such rela-
tionships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING— compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, con-
solidatedtosimilardensity,andcuredundersimilarconditions.
Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may
cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged
4
NOTE1—Publishedreports (1-17) bydifferentresearcherspresenttheir
2
exposure.)
experiencesintheuseofpullouttestequipment.RefertoACI228.1R (14)
for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test
results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths
2. Referenced Documents
obtained using different configurations.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-place
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
strength of concrete has reached a specified level so that, for
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
example:
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
(1)post-tensioning may proceed;
E74Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments
(2)forms and shores may be removed;
for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
(3)structure may be placed into service; or
(4)winter protection and curing may be terminated.
In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
estimate the strength of concrete in existing constructions.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results,
C09.64 on Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally
consideration should be given to the normally expected de-
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C900–12. DOI:
crease of concrete strength with increasing height within a
10.1520/C0900-12a.
given concrete placement in a structural element.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of this test
the ASTM website. method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C900 − 12 C900 − 12a
Standard Test Method for
1
Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required to pull
an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete fragment from a concrete test specimen or structure. The insert is either cast
into fresh concrete or installed in hardened concrete. This test method does not provide statistical procedures to estimate other
strength properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin
2
and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A metal insert is either cast into fresh concrete or installed into hardened concrete. When an estimate of the in-place strength
is desired, the insert is pulled by means of a jack reacting against a bearing ring. The pullout strength is determined by measuring
the maximum force required to pull the insert from the concrete mass. Alternatively, the insert is loaded to a specified load to verify
whether a minimum level of in-place strength has been attained.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such
strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and
the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and
each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test
specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.
4
NOTE 1—Published reports (1-17) by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14)
for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained
using different configurations.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.64 on
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Dec. 15, 2012. Published December 2012January 2013. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as C900 – 06.C900 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0900-12.10.1520/C0900-12a.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C900 − 12a
4.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-plac
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