ASTM F2651-10
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
Standard Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and turfgrass for use in the development of standards and specifications for natural playing surfaces. This standard includes terms that pertain to natural playing surfaces used for sports and may include those surfaces supporting the growth of turfgrass or unvegetated (bare soil) playing surfaces that are constructed with natural materials.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are appropriate for use by sports field development professionals, owners and institutions, installers and contractors and other practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces evaluations, test methods, specifications, maintenance and construction.
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Designation: F2651 − 10 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Terminology Relating to
Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope textural group, soil mineralogy, or, in engineering terms, as
materials that exhibit plastic soil properties when at appro-
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and
priate water contents.
turfgrass for use in the development of standards and specifi-
DISCUSSION—Ideally, the term “clay” should be appropriately defined
cations for natural playing surfaces. This standard includes
when used to describe soils or materials for rootzones. For example, a
terms that pertain to natural playing surfaces used for sports
90 % sand/10 % clay mixture could imply either 90 % sand/10 %
and may include those surfaces supporting the growth of
clayey soil (or other soils with textures containing enough clay (<0.002
turfgrass or unvegetated (bare soil) playing surfaces that are
mm) to exhibit plasticity) or 90 % sand (2 to 0.05 mm)/10 % clay
constructed with natural materials.
(<0.002 mm).
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are
clay, as a particular size fraction of a soil, n—soil separate
appropriate for use by sports field development professionals,
consisting of particles <0.002 mm (fine earth fraction) in
owners and institutions, installers and contractors and other
equivalent diameter.
practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces
clay, as a textural class, n—soil material that contains 40 %
evaluations, test methods, specifications, maintenance and
or more clay, <45 % sand, and <40 % silt.
construction.
clay, as a soil particle size class, n—soil material that
2. Terminology
contains 35 % or more clay (clayey soils).
aeration, n—condition and sum of all processes affecting soil
clay, as a soil textural group, n—soil material that falls
pore-space gaseous composition, particularly with respect to
within the textural classes of “sandy clay,” “silty clay,” and
theamountandavailabilityofoxygenforusebysoilbiotaor
“clay (clayey soils).”
soil chemical oxidation reactions, or both.
clay, in terms of mineralogy, n—soil particulates that are
aeration, v—practice to mechanically restore a soil to a
commonly occurring but not restricted to the <0.002 mm
condition where gas and water permeability rates are im-
fraction (clay minerals). Commonly occurring in soil mineral-
proved and bulk density is lowered (decompaction) by the
ogy classes as smectitic, kaolinitic, illitic (micaceous),
useofdevices(spikes,cores,tines,air-jets,water-jets)which
gibbsitic, ferritic, or mixed.
penetrate into the soil profile. See also aerification, soil and
DISCUSSION—Soil mineralogy classes are defined predominantly by
cultivation, turf.
the type of soil mineral dominating (40 % or more) the fine earth
fraction.
aerification, soil, n—mechanical process to relieve soil com-
clay, in engineering terms, n—soils containing enough soil
paction.Thistermisoftenusedsynonymouslywithaeration,
material in the less than 0.4 mm fractions such that when moist
v (that is, mechanical aeration). See also aeration, v.
they exhibit consistence characteristics of “moderately plastic”
bulk density, n—mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume. The
or “very plastic” forming a roll 4 cm or longer and 4 mm or
–3
value is expressed as Mg per cubic metre (Mg m ) or gram
thinner that supports its own weight.
–3
per cubic centimetre (g cm ).
coefficient of uniformity, CU , irrigation , n—measure of
Irr
clay, n—can be defined in terms of a particular size fraction of
the efficiency of irrigation application (expressed as a
a soil, a soil textural class, a soil particle size class, a soil
percent) which was originally described by J.E. Chris-
tiansen.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
DISCUSSION—The original Christiansen’s CU was a computation
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.80 on
which could be determined without statistical analysis. In more precise
Common Terminology, Methods and Laboratory Practices.
statistical terms, it can now be defined as the value obtained from
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
subtracting the statistical coefficient of variability (CV) value from 1
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2651 – 08b. DOI:
10.1520/F2651-10. (or 100 when expressed as a percentage): CU =1–CV.
Irr
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2651–08b Designation:F2651–10
Standard Terminology Relating to
Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and turfgrass for use in the development of standards and specifications for
naturalplayingsurfaces.Thisstandardincludestermsthatpertaintonaturalplayingsurfacesusedforsportsandmayincludethose
surfaces supporting the growth of turfgrass or unvegetated (bare soil) playing surfaces that are constructed with natural materials.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are appropriate for use by sports field development professionals, owners
and institutions, installers and contractors and other practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces evaluations, test methods,
specifications, maintenance and construction.
2. Terminology
aeration, n—condition and sum of all processes affecting soil pore-space gaseous composition, particularly with respect to the
amount and availability of oxygen for use by soil biota or soil chemical oxidation reactions, or both.
aeration, v—practice to mechanically restore a soil to a condition where gas and water permeability rates are improved and bulk
density is lowered (decompaction) by the use of devices (spikes, cores, tines, air-jets, water-jets) which penetrate into the soil
profile. See also aerification, soil and cultivation, turf.
aerification, soil, n—mechanical process to relieve soil compaction. This term is often used synonymously with aeration, v (that
is, mechanical aeration). See also aeration, v.
–3
bulk density, n—mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume.The value is expressed as Mg per cubic metre (Mg m ) or gram per cubic
–3
centimetre (g cm ).
clay, n—can be defined in terms of a particular size fraction of a soil, a soil textural class, a soil particle size class, a soil textural
group, soil mineralogy, or, in engineering terms, as materials that exhibit plastic soil properties when at appropriate water
contents.
DISCUSSION—Ideally, the term “clay” should be appropriately defined when used to describe soils or materials for rootzones. For example, a 90 %
sand/10 % clay mixture could imply either 90 % sand/10 % clayey soil (or other soils with textures containing enough clay (<0.002 mm) to exhibit
plasticity) or 90 % sand (2 to 0.05 mm)/10 % clay (<0.002 mm).
clay, as a particular size fraction of a soil, n—soil separate consisting of particles <0.002 mm (fine earth fraction) in equivalent
diameter.
clay, as a textural class, n—soil material that contains 40 % or more clay, <45 % sand, and <40 % silt.
clay, as a soil particle size class, n—soil material that contains 35 % or more clay (clayey soils).
clay, as a soil textural group, n—soilmaterialthatfallswithinthetexturalclassesof“sandyclay,”“siltyclay,”and“clay(clayey
soils).”
clay, in terms of mineralogy, n—soil particulates that are commonly occurring but not restricted to the <0.002 mm fraction (clay
minerals). Commonly occurring in soil mineralogy classes as smectitic, kaolinitic, illitic (micaceous), gibbsitic, ferritic, or
mixed.
DISCUSSION—Soil mineralogy classes are defined predominantly by the type of soil mineral dominating (40 % or more) the fine earth fraction.
clay, in engineering terms, n—soils containing enough soil material in the less than 0.4 mm fractions such that when moist they
exhibit consistence characteristics of “moderately plastic” or “very plastic” forming a roll 4 cm or longer and 4 mm or thinner
that supports its own weight.
coefficient of uniformity, CU , irrigation , n—measure of the efficiency of irrigation application (expressed as a percent) which
Irr
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.80 on
Common Terminology, Methods and Laboratory Practices.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2008.2010. Published December 2008.January 2011. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
F2651 – 08ab. DOI: 10.1520/F2651-08B.10.1520/F2651-10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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