ASTM F2651-08b
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
Standard Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and turfgrass for use in the development of standards and specifications for natural playing surfaces. This standard includes terms that pertain to natural playing surfaces used for sports and may include those surfaces supporting the growth of turfgrass or unvegetated (bare soil) playing surfaces that are constructed with natural materials.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are appropriate for use by sports field development professionals, owners and institutions, installers and contractors and other practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces evaluations, test methods, specifications, maintenance and construction.
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Designation:F2651–08b
Standard Terminology Relating to
Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope clay, n—can be defined in terms of a particular size fraction of
a soil, a soil textural class, a soil particle size class, a soil
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and
textural group, soil mineralogy, or, in engineering terms, as
turfgrass for use in the development of standards and specifi-
materials that exhibit plastic soil properties when at appro-
cations for natural playing surfaces. This standard includes
priate water contents.
terms that pertain to natural playing surfaces used for sports
and may include those surfaces supporting the growth of
DISCUSSION—Ideally, the term “clay” should be appropriately defined
turfgrass or unvegetated (bare soil) playing surfaces that are when used to describe soils or materials for rootzones. For example, a
90 % sand/10 % clay mixture could imply either 90 % sand/10 %
constructed with natural materials.
clayey soil (or other soils with textures containing enough clay (<0.002
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are
mm) to exhibit plasticity) or 90 % sand (2 to 0.05 mm)/10 % clay
appropriate for use by sports field development professionals,
(<0.002 mm).
owners and institutions, installers and contractors and other
practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces evalua- clay, as a particular size fraction of a soil, n—soil separate
tions, test methods, specifications, maintenance and construc- consisting of particles <0.002 mm (fine earth fraction) in
tion. equivalent diameter.
clay, as a textural class, n—soil material that contains 40 %
2. Terminology
or more clay, <45 % sand, and <40 % silt.
clay, as a soil particle size class, n—soil material that
aeration, n—condition and sum of all processes affecting soil
contains 35 % or more clay (clayey soils).
pore-space gaseous composition, particularly with respect to
clay, as a soil textural group, n—soil material that falls
theamountandavailabilityofoxygenforusebysoilbiotaor
within the textural classes of “sandy clay,” “silty clay,” and
soil chemical oxidation reactions, or both.
“clay (clayey soils).”
aeration, v—practice to mechanically restore a soil to a
clay, in terms of mineralogy, n—soil particulates that are
condition where gas and water permeability rates are im-
commonly occurring but not restricted to the <0.002 mm
proved and bulk density is lowered (decompaction) by the
fraction (clay minerals). Commonly occurring in soil min-
useofdevices(spikes,cores,tines,air-jets,water-jets)which
eralogy classes as smectitic, kaolinitic, illitic (micaceous),
penetrate into the soil profile. See also aerification, soil and
gibbsitic, ferritic, or mixed.
cultivation, turf.
aerification, soil, n—mechanical process to relieve soil com-
DISCUSSION—Soil mineralogy classes are defined predominantly by
paction.Thistermisoftenusedsynonymouslywithaeration,
the type of soil mineral dominating (40 % or more) the fine earth
fraction.
v (that is, mechanical aeration). See also aeration, v.
bulk density, n—mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume. The
clay, in engineering terms, n—soils containing enough soil
–3
value is expressed as Mg per cubic metre (Mg m ) or gram
material in the less than 0.4 mm fractions such that when
–3
per cubic centimetre (g cm ).
moist they exhibit consistence characteristics of “moderately
plastic” or “very plastic” forming a roll 4 cm or longer and
1
4 mm or thinner that supports its own weight.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.80 on
coefficient of uniformity, CU , irrigation, n—measure of
Irr
Common Terminology, Methods and Laboratory Practices.
the efficiency of irrigation application (expressed as a
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
percent) which was originally described by J.E. Chris-
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2651 – 08a. DOI:
10.1520/F2651-08B. tiansen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2651–08b
DISCUSSION—The original Christiansen’s CU was a computation
grooving, n—see slicing.
which could be determined without statistical analysis. In more precise
punching, n—see spiking.
statistical terms, it can n
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F 2651–08a Designation:F2651–08b
Standard Terminology Relating to
Soils and Turfgrass Terms of Natural Surfaces for
SportsSoil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology defines characteristics of soils and turfgrass related terms for use in the development of standards for
sports andand specifications for natural playing surfaces. This standard includes soils and related agronomic terms that pertain to
natural playing surfaces used for sports and may include those surfaces supporting the growth of turfgrass or unvegetated (bare
soil) playing surfaces that are constructed with natural materials.
1.2 The terms defined in this terminology standard are appropriate for use by sports field development professionals, owners
and institutions, installers and contractors and other practitioners in matters concerning natural surfaces evaluations, test methods,
specifications, maintenance and construction.
2. Terminology
aeration, n—condition and sum of all processes affecting soil pore-space gaseous composition, particularly with respect to the
amount and availability of oxygen for use by soil biota or soil chemical oxidation reactions, or both.
aeration, v—practice to mechanically restore a soil to a condition where gas and water permeability rates are improved and bulk
density is lowered (decompaction) by the use of devices (spikes, cores, tines, air-jets, water-jets) which penetrate into the soil
profile. See also aerification, soil and cultivation, turf.
aerification, soil, n—mechanical process to relieve soil compaction. This term is often used synonymously with aeration, v (that
is, mechanical aeration). See also aeration, v.
–3
bulk density, n—massofdrysoilperunitbulkvolume.ThevalueisexpressedasMgpercubicmetre(Mgm )orgrampercubic
–3
centimetre (g cm ).
clay, n—can be defined in terms of a particular size fraction of a soil, a soil textural class, a soil particle size class, a soil textural
group, soil mineralogy, or, in engineering terms, as materials that exhibit plastic soil properties when at appropriate water
contents.
DISCUSSION—Ideally, the term “clay” should be appropriately defined when used to describe soils or materials for rootzones. For example, a 90 %
sand/10 % clay mixture could imply either 90 % sand/10 % clayey soil (or other soils with textures containing enough clay (<0.002 mm) to exhibit
plasticity) or 90 % sand (2 to 0.05 mm)/10 % clay (<0.002 mm).
clay, as a particular size fraction of a soil, n—soil separate consisting of particles <0.002 mm (fine earth fraction) in equivalent
diameter.
clay, as a textural class, n—soil material that contains 40 % or more clay, <45 % sand, and <40 % silt.
clay, as a soil particle size class, n—soil material that contains 35 % or more clay (clayey soils).
clay,asasoiltexturalgroup,n—soilmaterialthatfallswithinthetexturalclassesof“sandyclay,”“siltyclay,”and“clay(clayey
soils).”
clay, in terms of mineralogy, n—soil particulates that are commonly occurring but not restricted to the <0.002 mm fraction (clay
minerals). Commonly occurring in soil mineralogy classes as smectitic, kaolinitic, illitic (micaceous), gibbsitic, ferritic, or
mixed.
DISCUSSION—Soil mineralogy classes are defined predominantly by the type of soil mineral dominating (40 % or more) the fine earth fraction.
clay, in engineering terms, n—soils containing enough soil material in the less than 0.4 mm fractions such that when moist they
exhibit consistence characteristics of “moderately plastic” or “very plastic” forming a roll 4 cm or longer and 4 mm or thinner
that supports its own weight.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.80 on
Common Terminology, Methods and Laboratory Practices.
Current edition approved Aug.Nov. 1, 2008. Published AugustDecember 2008. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F 2651 – 08a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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F2651–08b
coefficient of unif
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