ASTM C1378-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining
Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining
ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the resistance to staining of ceramic tile surfaces. A unsanded contrasting tile grout, black carbon lamp, waterproof black ink, washable ink, potassium permanganate solution, and methylene blue solutions are the staining agents required for this test method. Also, the following materials and apparatuses are needed: plain end glass test tubes; glass pipets; an oven; lintless, absorbent clothes or paper towels; distilled or deionized water; a light source; cleaning agents; hot water; weak commercial cleaning agent not containing abrasive; strong commercial cleaning agent containing abrasive; and suitable solvents such as hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solution. The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining test solutions in contact with ceramic tile surfaces for a specified period of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned in a defined manner, and the test specimens are inspected visually for change.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance to staining of tile surfaces. This test method is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether ceramic tiles and glass tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to staining agents.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1378 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Resistance to Staining
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Waterproof Ink Black.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining 4.4 Washable Ink.
whether ceramic tiles and glass tiles are affected by prolonged
4.5 Potassium Permanganate Solution, 1%, prepared from
exposure to staining agents.
99 % KMnO crystals, dissolve 1g of reagent into 100 mL of
4
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as distilled water.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.6 Methylene Blue Solution, 1%.
standard.
4.7 This test method may be used for exposing tile to any
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
staining agent deemed appropriate for the expected service
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conditions and may specify any reasonable combination of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
time and temperature for the exposure period. Exposure
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
substances, time, and temperatures should be selected so as to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
either simulate service conditions, or accelerate staining that is
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
possible under expected service conditions, or bear some other
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
meaningful relation to expected service conditions.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Glass Test Tubes or PVC Tubes, plain end glass test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tubes or PVC tubes with a diameter of approximately 20 mm
and a length sufficient to contain the required amount of test
2. Summary of Test Method
solution
2.1 The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining
5.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
staining agents in contact with tile surfaces for a specified
at least 110 °C.
period of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned in a
defined manner, and the test specimens are visually inspected
5.3 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper
for change.
towels.
5.4 Distilled or Deionized Water, for preparation of the
3. Significance and Use
solutions.
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance
5.5 Light Source, standard light source that supplies a
to staining of tile surfaces. This test method is suitable for use
minimum of 300 lux of illumination.
in specifications, quality control, and research and develop-
ment. 5.6 Cleaning Agents.
5.6.1 Hot Water.
4. Staining Agents
5.6.2 Weak Cleaning Agent, a commercial agent, not con-
taining abrasive, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
4.1 ContrastingGrout,unsandedtilegrout,appliedasaneat
5.6.3 Strong Cleaning Agent, a commercial cleaning agent
paste.
containing abrasive, with a pH of 9 to 10.
4.2 Carbon Lamp Black.
5.6.4 Suitable Solvents:
(1) 3 %(v/v)HCIsolution,preparedfrom38 %hydrochlo-
1
ric acid by adding 79 mL of the reagent hydrochloride acid
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
solution to 921 mL of distilled water.
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
(2) 20 % KOH solution (200 g/L), prepared by dissolving
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
222 g of 90 % potassium hydroxide into 1 L of distilled water.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1378 – 04 (2019).
DOI: 10.1520/C1378-20. (3) Acetone (technical grade).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1378 − 20
6. Samples three procedures. After each cleaning procedure, wipe the
sample dry using an absorbent cloth or paper towel. If the stain
6.1 Number of Test Specimens—One defect-free test
is still visible after a cleaning procedure, move directly to the
specimen,whichisrepresentativeoftheentiresurface,foreach
next procedure.
test solution is to be used. Test specimens shall be representa-
7.3.1 Procedure A—Flow of runni
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1378 − 04 (Reapproved 2019) C1378 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Resistance to Staining
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance to staining of ceramic tile surfaces. covers a procedure for
determining whether ceramic tiles and glass tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to staining agents.
1.2 The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining test solutions in contact with ceramic tile surfaces for a specified
period of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned in a defined manner, and the test specimens are inspected visually for change.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining staining agents in contact with tile surfaces for a specified period
of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned in a defined manner, and the test specimens are visually inspected for change.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance to staining of tile surfaces. This test method is suitable for use in
specifications, quality control, and research and development.
4. Staining Agents
4.1 Contrasting Grout, unsanded tile grout, applied as a neat paste.
4.2 Carbon Lamp Black.
4.3 Waterproof Ink Black.
4.4 Washable Ink.
4.5 Potassium Permanganate Solution, 1 %, prepared from 99 % KMnO crystals, dissolve 1g of reagent into 100 mL of
4
distilled water.
4.6 Methylene Blue Solution, 1 %.
4.7 This test method may be used for exposing tile to any staining agent deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions
and may specify any reasonable combination of time and temperature for the exposure period. Exposure substances, time, and
temperatures should be selected so as to either simulate service conditions, or accelerate staining that is possible under expected
service conditions, or bear some other meaningful relation to expected service conditions.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Glass Test Tubes or PVC Tubes, plain end glass test tubes or PVC tubes with a diameter of approximately 20 mm and
a length of 150 mm.sufficient to contain the required amount of test solution
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019June 1, 2020. Published August 2019June 2020. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
C1378 – 04 (2014).C1378 – 04 (2019). DOI: 10.1520/C1378-04R19.10.1520/C1378-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1378 − 20
3.2 Pipets, glass pipet with a volume of at least 50 mL with gradations in 1-mL increments.
5.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 110 6 5 °C.at least 110 °C.
5.3 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent clothescloths or paper towels.
5.4 Distilled or Deionized Water , Water, for preparation of the solutions.
5.5 Light Source, standard light source that supplies a minimum of 300 lux of illumination.
5.6 Cleaning Agents.
5.6.1 Hot water.Water.
5.6.2 Weak cleaning agent,Cleaning Agent, a commercial agent, not containing abrasive, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
5.6.3 Strong cleaning agent,Cleaning Agent, a commercial cleaning agent containing abrasive, with a pH of 9 to 10.
5.6.4 Suitable solvent
...
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