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ASTM D7459-08(2016)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Stationary Emissions Sources

Standard Practice for Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Stationary Emissions Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Greenhouse gases are reported to be a major contributor to global warming. Since “biomass CO2” emitted from combustion devices represents a net-zero carbon contribution to the atmosphere (that is, plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and subsequent combustion returns it), it does not contribute additional CO2 to the atmosphere. The measurement of biomass (biogenic) CO2 allows regulators and stationary source owners/operators to determine the ratio of fossil-derived CO2 and biomass CO2 in developing control strategies and to meet federal, state, local and regional greenhouse gas reporting requirements.  
5.2 The distinction of the two types of CO2 has financial, control and regulatory implications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines specific procedures for the collection of gas samples from stationary emission sources for subsequent laboratory determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) carbon to total carbon (fossil derived carbon plus biomass or biogenic carbon) in accordance with Test Methods D6866.  
1.2 This practice applies to stationary sources that burn municipal solid waste or a combination of fossil fuel (for example, coal, oil, natural gas) and biomass fuel (for example, wood, wood waste, paper, agricultural waste, biogas) in boilers, combustion turbines, incinerators, kilns, internal combustion engines and other combustion devices.  
1.3 This practice applies to the collection of integrated samples over periods from 1 hour to 24 hours, or longer.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
29-Feb-2016
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D1356-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D1356-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM D6866-16 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Refers
ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 - Standard Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
Effective Date
15-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM D6866-18 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Referred By
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Mar-2016

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ASTM D7459-08(2016) - Standard Practice for Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Stationary Emissions SourcesASTM D7459-08(2016) - Standard Practice for Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Stationary Emissions Sources
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ASTM D7459-08(2016) - Standard Practice for Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Stationary Emissions Sources
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7459 − 08 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Collection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation of
Biomass (Biogenic) and Fossil-Derived Carbon Dioxide
1
Emitted from Stationary Emissions Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-
bon Analysis
1.1 This practice defines specific procedures for the collec-
3
2.2 Federal Standards:
tion of gas samples from stationary emission sources for
40 CFR 60Appendix B, Performance Specification
subsequent laboratory determination of the ratio of biomass
40 CFR 60Appendix A, Reference Method
(biogenic) carbon to total carbon (fossil derived carbon plus
Uncertainties In Non-Proportional SamplingPart 75 Policy
biomass or biogenic carbon) in accordance with Test Methods
AndCommunicationEfforts,EPAContractNo.EP-W-07-
D6866.
064, WorkAssignment No. 0-8, Task No. 6 (February 15,
1.2 This practice applies to stationary sources that burn
2008 – Draft)
municipal solid waste or a combination of fossil fuel (for
example, coal, oil, natural gas) and biomass fuel (for example,
3. Terminology
wood, wood waste, paper, agricultural waste, biogas) in
3.1 Definitions—For additional definitions of terms used in
boilers, combustion turbines, incinerators, kilns, internal com-
this practice, refer to Terminology D1356 and Test Methods
bustion engines and other combustion devices.
D6866.
1.3 This practice applies to the collection of integrated
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
samples over periods from 1 hour to 24 hours, or longer.
3.2.1 biomass (biogenic) CO,n—CO recently removed
2 2
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fromtheatmospherebyplants,thenreturnedtotheatmosphere
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
by combustion or biogenic decay.
standard.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—BiomassCO emittedfromcombustion
2
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
devices is often referred to as “carbon-neutral CO .”
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.1.2 Discussion—Biomass carbon contains the isotope
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiocarbon(carbon-14)inmeasurablequantities.Radiocarbon
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- is a radioactive isotope of the element carbon, carbon-14,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
having 8 neutrons, 6 protons, and 6 electrons making up 1 ×
-12
10 naturalabundanceofcarbononearth.Itdecaysexponen-
2. Referenced Documents
tially with a half-life of about 5700 years and as such is not
2
measurable in fossil materials derived from petroleum, coal,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
natural gas, or any other source more than about 50 000 years
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
old.
Atmospheres
D4840Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
3.2.2 constant rate sampling, n—sampling conducted at a
D6866Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content
fixed sampling rate.
3.2.3 Fossil CO,n—CO introduced into the atmosphere
2 2
through the combustion or thermal dissociation of fossil
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
materials.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Fossil-derived CO is void of radiocar-
2
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally
bon and consists entirely of the “stable carbon” isotopes
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7459 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D7459-08R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7459 − 08 (2016)
NOTE3—SamplesmaybecollectedusingEPAMethod3inconjunction
carbon-13 (having 7 neutrons, 6 protons, and 6 electrons)
with applicable U.S. EPA reference test methods requiring M
...

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SCOPE
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1.5 The practical minimum detectable concentration is instrument, compound, and interference specific (see Annex A2 for procedures to estimate the achievable minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs)). The actual sensitivity of the FTIR measurement system for the individual target analytes depends upon the following:  
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1.5.2 The amount of instrument noise (see Annex A6), and  
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This guide describes quality assurance protocols for the determination of the anions and cations in atmospheric wet deposition which include the minimum recommended requirements for the preparation of calibration standards and suggested procedures for validating laboratory measurement results. Specimens to be used in all tests shall consist of reagent grade chemicals, water, and standard solutions. Common techniques for chemical analysis include automated colorimetry; ion chromatography, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, electrometry, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Analytical precision and bias determinations shall be done for evaluation of the reference materials. Samples for reanalysis may be selected from the evaluation of control charts and the calculation of ion and conductivity percent differences.
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1.1 This guide describes quality assurance (QA) protocols for the determination of the anions and cations in Atmospheric Wet Deposition (AWD) shown in Table 1.  
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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure the total nitrogen oxides (NOx) content of gaseous emissions for purposes such as determining compliance with regulations, studying the effect of various abatement procedures on NOx emissions, and checking the validity of instrumental measurements.
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1.1 This test method describes the phenol-disulfonic acid colorimetric procedure (1) 2 for the determination of total oxides of nitrogen [nitrous oxide (N2O) excepted] in gaseous effluents from combustion and other nitrogen oxidation processes.  
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1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety precautionary information see 8.5 and Section 3.)

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Standard Test Method for Zinc Analysis of Floor Polishes and Floor Polish Polymers By Flame Atomic Absorption (A.A.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is generally accepted for the preparation of floor polish and floor polish polymers for the analysis of total zinc content. Knowing the total zinc content of a floor finish or polymer can aid in determining the proper disposal method of used or unwanted product.
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1.1 This laboratory test method covers the analysis of floor polishes and floor polish polymers for total zinc content.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2403-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash of Organic Materials by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The sulfated ash value indicates the level of known metal-containing additives or impurities in an organic material. When phosphorus is absent, barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are converted to their sulfates. Tin and zinc are converted to their oxides.  
5.2 This test method may be used for research and development, specification acceptance, and quality assurance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of sulfated ash content (sometimes called residue-on-ignition) of organic materials by thermogravimetry. This test method converts common metals found in organic materials (such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and tin) into their sulfate salts permitting estimation of their total content as sulfates or oxides. The range of this test method is from 0.1 % to 100 % metal content.  
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5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for determining the temperature-decomposition profile of a material.  
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1.2 This test method is generally applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change with a single maximum rate.  
1.3 This test method is normally applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1300 K (nominally 100 °C to 1000 °C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1386-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).  
4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.  
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.  
4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.  
4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.  
4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.  
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off