ASTM A531/A531M-91(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing ultrasonic shear and longitudinal wave examinations on turbine-generator steel retaining rings. A pulsed reflection-type ultrasonic instrument shall be used for the tests. Scanning of steel specimens may be performed by either the contact (stationary) or immersion (rotating) methods, both of which may be executed in either the axial or circumferential directions. Tests shall be performed after specimens have gone through final processing and heat treatment for properties, and the circumferential and axial faces machined flat and parallel to one another. Also prior to testing, surface examinations shall be made for surface roughness and tears, loose scales, machining or grinding particles, paint, and other foreign and extraneous matter. Suitable couplant liquids, capable of conducting ultrasonic vibrations, shall be used to couple the transducer to test surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed when performing ultrasonic shear and longitudinal wave tests on turbine-generator retaining rings with an inside diameter to wall thickness ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 and with wall thicknesses from 1 to 4 in. (25 to 102 mm).
1.2 Although this practice describes methods of ultrasonically testing retaining rings by either the contact or immersion method, it shall not restrict the use of improved inspection methods as they are developed. It is recognized that techniques for examination and evaluation may be chosen in order to enhance or improve the results or to accommodate variations in procedures, equipment, or capabilities. Considering these characteristics, forgings may be inspected by a combination of both the contact and the immersion methods, as mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation SI units, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A531/A531M–91 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining
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Rings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA531/A531M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope RecommendedPracticeforNondestructivePersonnelQuali-
fication and Certification SNT-TC-1A, Supplement
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheprocedurestobefollowedwhen
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C-Ultrasonic Testing
performing ultrasonic shear and longitudinal wave tests on
turbine-generator retaining rings with an inside diameter to
3. Personnel Requirements
wall thickness ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 and with wall
3.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for assigning
thicknesses from 1 to 4 in. (25 to 102 mm).
qualified personnel to perform ultrasonic examination in con-
1.2 Although this practice describes methods of ultrasoni-
formance with the requirements of this practice.
cally testing retaining rings by either the contact or immersion
3.2 Personnel performing ultrasonic examinations in accor-
method, it shall not restrict the use of improved inspection
dance with this practice shall be familiar with the following:
methodsastheyaredeveloped.Itisrecognizedthattechniques
3.2.1 Ultrasonic terminology,
for examination and evaluation may be chosen in order to
3.2.2 Instrument calibration,
enhanceorimprovetheresultsortoaccommodatevariationsin
3.2.3 Effect of transducer material, size, frequency, and
procedures,equipment,orcapabilities.Consideringthesechar-
mode on test results,
acteristics,forgingsmaybeinspectedbyacombinationofboth
3.2.4 Effect of material structure (grain size, cleanliness,
the contact and the immersion methods, as mutually agreed
etc.) on test results,
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
3.2.5 Effect of test distance on test results,
1.3 This practice and the applicable material specifications
3.2.6 Effect of nonlinearity on test results,
are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However,
3.2.7 Effect of thickness and orientation of discontinuities
unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification
on test results, and
designation SI units, the material shall be furnished to inch-
3.2.8 Effect of surface roughness on test results.
pound units.
3.3 Aqualification record (see Note 1) of personnel consid-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ered suitable by the manufacturer to perform examination in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
accordance with this practice shall be available upon request.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—SNT-TC-1 A, Ultrasonic Testing Method, provides a recom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. mended procedure for qualifying personnel. Other personnel qualification
requirement documents may be used when agreed upon between the
2. Referenced Documents
purchaser and supplier.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Ordering Information
E127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum
4.1 When this practice is to be applied to an inquiry,
Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
contract, or order, the purchaser shall so state and shall also
2.2 Other Document:
furnish the following information:
4.1.1 The method or combination of methods to be used for
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inspection.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1.2 The frequency to be used for conducting each inspec-
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
tion.
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
4.1.3 Report requirements including C-scan plot, if appli-
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A531/A531M–91
(2001). DOI: 10.1520/A0531_A0531M-91R06. cable.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from theAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing, 914 Chicago
the ASTM website. Ave., Evanston, IL 60202.
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A531/A531M–91 (2006)
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5. General Requirements 6.2.1.2 A5, 2.25, or 1-MHz, ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8-in. (19.0 to 28.6-mm)
diameter, longitudinal wave transducer shall be used for
5.1 As far as possible the
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