ASTM A531/A531M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing ultrasonic shear and longitudinal wave examinations on turbine-generator steel retaining rings. A pulsed reflection-type ultrasonic instrument shall be used for the tests. Scanning of steel specimens may be performed by either the contact (stationary) or immersion (rotating) methods, both of which may be executed in either the axial or circumferential directions. Tests shall be performed after specimens have gone through final processing and heat treatment for properties, and the circumferential and axial faces machined flat and parallel to one another. Also prior to testing, surface examinations shall be made for surface roughness and tears, loose scales, machining or grinding particles, paint, and other foreign and extraneous matter. Suitable couplant liquids, capable of conducting ultrasonic vibrations, shall be used to couple the transducer to test surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers ultrasonic examination of turbine-generator retaining rings produced in accordance with Specifications A288 and A289/A289M with an inside diameter to wall thickness ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 and with wall thicknesses from 1 to 4 in. [25 to 102 mm].
1.2 Forgings may be inspected by either the contact or the immersion methods, or combinations thereof, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A531/A531M − 12
StandardPractice for
Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining
1
Rings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA531/A531M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A288Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Forgings for
Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators
1.1 This practice covers ultrasonic examination of turbine-
A289/A289MSpecification for Alloy Steel Forgings for
generator retaining rings produced in accordance with Speci-
Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
fications A288 and A289/A289M with an inside diameter to
E127Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Al-
wall thickness ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 and with wall
loy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
thicknesses from 1 to 4 in. [25 to 102 mm].
E317Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
1.2 Forgings may be inspected by either the contact or the
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
immersion methods, or combinations thereof, as agreed upon
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1APersonnel Qualifi-
3
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
3. Personnel Requirements
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
3.1 Personnel performing ultrasonic examinations to this
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units;
practice shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a
however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the
written procedure conforming to Recommended Practice No.
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-
SNT-TC-1A or other national standard acceptable to both the
pound units shall apply.The values stated in either inch-pound
purchaser and the supplier.
units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
4. Ordering Information
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
4.1 When this practice is to be applied to an inquiry,
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
contract, or order, the purchaser shall so state and shall also
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
furnish the following information:
formance with the standard.
4.1.1 The method or combination of methods to be used for
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
inspection.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.2 The frequency to be used for conducting each inspec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.3 Report requirements including C-scan plot, if appli-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cable.
4.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any.
2. Referenced Documents
5. General Requirements
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 As far as possible the entire volume of the retaining
rings shall be subject to ultrasonic inspection. Circumferential
1
and axial faces shall be machined flat and parallel to one
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
another.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
5.2 The ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after final
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A531/A531M–91
processing and heat treatment for properties, unless otherwise
(2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0531_A0531M-12.
specified in the order or contract.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from theAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing, 914 Chicago
the ASTM website. Ave., Evanston, IL 60202.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A531/A531M − 12
5.3 Rings may be tested either stationary (contact) or while 6.2.1 Amplifier Calibration—An amplifier v
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A531/A531M–91 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: A531/A531M – 12
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining
1
Rings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA531/A531M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This practice covers the procedures to be followed when performing ultrasonic shear and longitudinal wave tests on
turbine-generator retaining rings with an inside diameter to wall thickness ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 and with wall
thicknesses from 1 to 4 in. (25 to 102 mm).
1.2Although this practice describes methods of ultrasonically testing retaining rings by either the contact or immersion method,
it shall not restrict the use of improved inspection methods as they are developed. It is recognized that techniques for examination
and evaluation may be chosen in order to enhance or improve the results or to accommodate variations in procedures, equipment,
or capabilities. Considering these characteristics, forgings may be inspected by a combination of both the contact and the
immersion methods, as mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless
the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation SI units, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 *
1.1 This practice covers ultrasonic examination of turbine-generator retaining rings produced in accordance with Specifications
A288andA289/A289Mwithaninsidediametertowallthicknessratioequaltoorgreaterthan5:1andwithwallthicknessesfrom
1 to 4 in. [25 to 102 mm].
1.2 Forgingsmaybeinspectedbyeitherthecontactortheimmersionmethods,orcombinationsthereof,asagreeduponbetween
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 Thispracticeisexpressedininch-poundandSIunits;however,unlessthepurchaseorderorcontractspecifiestheapplicable
“M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A288 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators
A289/A289M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
E127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks Practice for Fabricating
and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without
the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
2.2 Other Document:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 1, 2006.2012. Published April 2006.March 2012. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
A531/A531M–91 (2001).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0531_A0531M-91R06.10.1520/A0531_A0531M-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
...
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