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ASTM C482-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of determining whether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bonded with adequate strength to portland cement paste. Tile specifications can refer to this test method in order to establish minimum bond strength limits appropriate to the service conditions that are anticipated.
Separation between bond coat and setting bed, or breakage of the setting bed itself shall not be considered failures of tile bond.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, and pavers to be bonded to portland cement. This test method includes both face-mounted and back-mounted tile.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2002
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.06 - Ceramic Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C482-81(1996) - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Replaced By
ASTM C482-02(2009) - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
Effective Date
01-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1670/C1670M-23 - Standard Specification for Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer Units
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM C1731-21 - Standard Specification for Concrete Floor Tile
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM C1780-23a - Standard Practice for Installation Methods for Cement-based Adhered Masonry Veneer
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM C1242-23 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2002

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ASTM C482-02 - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement PasteASTM C482-02 - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
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ASTM C482-02 - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C482–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Because the laboratory method of applying shear stress
rapidly loads both tile and setting bed in compression, a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability
stronger than normal setting bed for the test specimens is
ofglazedceramicwalltile,ceramicmosaictile,quarrytile,and
specified. This avoids failure of the setting bed before the
pavers to be bonded to portland cement paste.This test method
desired failure at the tile-bond coat interface occurs. In real tile
includes both face-mounted and back-mounted tile.
installations with portland cement paste an entirely different
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
loading mechanism, usually generated primarily by shrinking
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
of the setting bed or structural backing, results in mild tension
information only.
in setting bed and mild compression in the tile, but the same
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
type of shear stress occurs between tile and bond coat as does
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in response to the laboratory loading method.The finding of an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
adequate bond strength under the conditions of this test method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
can be taken as proof that the tested tile could be permanently
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bonded in a properly installed conventional installation using
2. Referenced Documents
the lean, low-shrinkage mortars customarily specified for this
particular purpose.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
4.4 To maintain practical sample size and limit maximum
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
1
breaking load, tile larger than nominal 4 ⁄4 in. (108 mm) on a
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
2
side must be cut to 4 in. (102 mm).
Mortar
C 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
5. Significance and Use
2
poses
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
3
whether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bonded
Products
with adequate strength to portland cement paste. Tile specifi-
3. Terminology
cations can refer to this test method in order to establish
minimum bond strength limits appropriate to the service
3.1 Definitions:
conditions that are anticipated.
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in 1.1, refer to
5.2 Separation between bond coat and setting bed, or
Terminology C 242.
breakage of the setting bed itself shall not be considered
4. Summary of Test Method
failures of tile bond.
4.1 This test method consists of bonding tile under con-
6. Apparatus
trolled conditions to a pure portland cement paste bond coat,
6.1 Molds—Five frame-type molds having inside dimen-
supported by a cement mortar bed.
1
sions 6 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 in. (152 by 114 by 51 mm) in depth. The
4.2 After proper cure of the test assembly, a load is applied
3
molds shall be made of ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) thick rigid material
to one edge of the tile and the load increased at a definite rate
such as brass, and the inside faces of the molds shall present a
until the bond between tile and bond coat is broken.
smooth surface. They shall be constructed in such a manner
that they can be taken apart without damage to the molded
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
cement block. Diagrams of suitable molds are shown in Fig. 1.
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.2 Compression Testing Machine—The testing machine
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
may be either a hydraulic or screw type, with an accuracy of
published as C 482 – 61 T. Last previous edition C 482– 81 (1996).
61.0 %. It shall be capable of applying a uniformly distributed
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
shearing load at a rate of 200 6 20 psi/min (1.4 6 0.1
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C482–02
Metric Equivalents
Letter in. mm
3
A ⁄16 4.8
3
B ⁄8 9.5
C 6 152
3
D6 ⁄4 171
1
E4 ⁄2 114
1
F5 ⁄4 133
1
G1 ⁄4 32
H2
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining whether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bonded with adequate strength to portland cement paste. Tile specifications can refer to this test method in order to establish minimum bond strength limits appropriate to the service conditions that are anticipated.  
5.2 Separation between bond coat and setting bed, or breakage of the setting bed itself shall not be considered failures of tile bond.
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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4.2 Because the specimens are exposed to a NaOH solution, the alkali content of the cement is not a significant factor in affecting expansions.  
4.3 Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions should be taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. Refer to Guide C1778 for the interpretation of the test results from Test Method C1260.
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1.1 This test method permits detection, within 16 days, of the potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of aggregate in mortar bars.  
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ASTM C926-23a(Specification)
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This specification covers the standard requirements for the application of full thickness Portland cement-based plaster for exterior (stucco) and interior work. It also sets forth tables for proportioning of various plaster mixes and plaster thickness. The materials used shall consist of the following: cement which shall be a Portland cement, air-entraining Portland cement, masonry cement, blended hydraulic cement, air-entraining blended hydraulic cement, or plastic cement; Type S hydrated lime; aggregates such as perlite and sand for base and job-mixed finish coats; water to be used in mixing; admixtures; and fibers. Surfaces of solid bases such as masonry, stone, cast-in-place or precast concrete shall be prepared either by sandblasting, wire brushing, acid etching, chipping, or a combination thereof. Details on curing to resist cracking; materials protection and storage; environmental conditions; and application of plaster, finish-coat, and fog-coat, which shall be done by hand or machine up to the specified nominal thickness on metal and solid plaster bases are discussed.
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4.1 The results of mortar mixture tests can be suitable for comparing the relative performance of combinations of concrete-making materials such as fine aggregate, chemical admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), water, and hydraulic cement. Furthermore, this guide can be useful to identify unexpected performances due to combination of various materials. The relative trends in performance observed with the mortar method may suggest relative performance in concrete mixtures batched with the same materials and relative mixture proportions.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
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1.1 This terminology refers to the terms relating to lime and limestone products as used by the industry.  
1.2 Where appropriate, the various terms defined below should be prefixed with one or other of the adjectives “high-calcium,” “magnesian,” or “dolomitic.” (Examples: dolomitic quicklime; high-calcium hydraulic hydrated lime; magnesian or dolomitic limestone.)  
1.3 The composition of a limestone should be given in terms of a percentage of the carbonates present. In limestone of interest to the lime industry, it is usually assumed that the material consists almost entirely of carbonates. Where this assumption is not valid, the percentage of noncarbonate material should be determined, and the composition expressed in terms of the carbonate material present.  
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ASTM C1280-18(2023)(Specification)
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This specification covers the minimum requirements for and the methods of application of gypsum sheathing for use as a substrate for exterior wall cladding. Gypsum sheathing board is a substrate that shall be covered by an exterior cladding or other weather-resistive barrier and is not intended for long-term exposure. Framing members shall be installed so that the surface will be in an even plane, unless otherwise specified, after the gypsum sheathing has been applied. The gypsum sheathing shall be cut by scoring and breaking or by sawing, working from the face side. The cut edges and ends of gypsum sheathing shall be trimmed to obtain neat fitting joints when installed. Gypsum sheathing shall be fitted snugly around all window and door openings. Control joints, other accessories, and metal plaster base shall be fastened through gypsum sheathing to framing members. Where fire resistance or shear resistance is not required, and when metal lath and Portland cement plaster are to be applied as the exterior cladding over gypsum sheathing installed over framing members and the metal lath shall be installed after the gypsum sheathing, the gypsum sheathing shall be permitted to be applied and fastening of the gypsum sheathing shall be completed with the attachment of the self-furred metal lath.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for and methods of application of exterior gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for use as a substrate for exterior cladding.  
1.1.1 This specification does not cover gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for interior applications.  
1.2 Details of construction for a specific assembly to achieve the required fire resistance shall be obtained from reports of fire-resistance tests, engineering evaluations, or listings from recognized fire testing laboratories.  
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1.3.1 This specification shall govern where it is more stringent (size or thickness of framing and size and spacing of fasteners) than the sound-rated construction.  
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1.4.1 This specification shall govern where it is more stringent (size or thickness of framing and size and spacing of fasteners) than the racking or shear-tested construction.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C531-18(2023)(Test Method)
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4.1 This test method offers a means of comparing the relative linear shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion.  
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4.1.2 The linear shrinkage measured is the change in length that occurs after the material is rigid enough and strong enough to move the studs.  
4.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to provide information on linear changes taking place in the test materials. Other dimensional changes may occur that do not manifest themselves as changes in length.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the linear shrinkage during setting and curing and the coefficient of thermal expansion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacings, and polymer concretes.  
1.2 A bar of square cross-section is cast to a prescribed length in a mold that holds measuring studs that are captured in the ends of the finished casting.  
1.2.1 The change in length after curing is measured and used to calculate shrinkage.
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1.2.2 The change in length at a specific elevated temperature is measured and used to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion.  
1.3 This test method is limited to materials with aggregate size of 0.25 in. (6 mm) or less.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C1861-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Lathing and Furring Accessories, and Fasteners, for Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based Plaster

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This specification covers the minimum requirements for lathing and furring accessories and fasteners used as components of interior and exterior portland cement-based plaster assemblies for facilitating lathing and furring installation, cement plaster application, and functionality of the completed stucco cladding assembly. Lathing and furring accessories, and fasteners shall be free of deleterious amounts of rust, oil, or other foreign matter that could cause bond failure or unsightly discoloration; shall include key attachment flanges or solid attachment flanges; and shall be configured to accommodate application of the specified cement plaster thickness. Lathing accessories serving a drainage function shall include a drainage surface and a solid attachment flange. lathing accessories to facilitate drainage include weep screed, designated drainage screed, and perforations; lathing accessories to reinforce corners include internal corner reinforcement and external corner reinforcement; lathing accessories to reduce cracking include expansion joint and control joint; furring accessories include rod hanger, strap hanger, cold-rolled channel furring, and Z-furring.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification contains the minimum requirements for lathing and furring accessories, and fasteners, as components of interior and exterior portland cement-based plaster assemblies, used to facilitate lathing and furring installation (Specifications C1063, C1787), cement plaster application (Specification C926), and functionality of the completed stucco cladding assembly.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off