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ASTM C125-07

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminology related to hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, and other materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.
1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating to constituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C 294. Terms relating to constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C 638.
1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C 219. Additional related terminology can be found in ACI 116R.
1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if used in more than one Committee C09 standard.
1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published by other ASTM committees or other standards organizations are identified with the ASTM designation (for example, Terminology C 219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the other organization.
1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group expressed in a single sentence with additional information included in notes or discussion.Note 1
The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2007
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.91 - Terminology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C125-06a - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a - Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C188-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C470/C470M-23 - Standard Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1697-21 - Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7522/D7522M-21 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to Concrete or Masonry Substrates
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1602/C1602M-22 - Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C171-20 - Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1837-22 - Standard Specification for Production of Dry Cast Concrete Used for Manufacturing Pipe, Box, and Precast Structures
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3191-23 - Standard Practice for Field Determination of Substrate Water Absorption (Porosity) for Substrates to Receive Resilient Flooring
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1904-22 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1897-20 - Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials by Isothermal Calorimetry and Bound Water Measurements
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C913-21 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C204-23 - Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1240-20 - Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007

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ASTM C125-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesASTM C125-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
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ASTM C125-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C125–07
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete
1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminology
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
related to hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, and
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
other materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.
crete Aggregates
1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating to
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
constituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-
Concrete
gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
tive Nomenclature C638.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
Terminology C219. Additional related terminology can be
C638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-
found in ACI 116R.
gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which
C939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-
CommitteeC09isresponsible,itisincludedhereinonlyifused
Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
in more than one Committee C09 standard.
C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the
1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published by
Maturity Method
other ASTM committees or other standards organizations are
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-
identified with theASTM designation (for example, Terminol-
Consolidating Concrete
ogy C219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the other
3
2.2 American Concrete Institute Publications:
organization.
308 Practice for Curing Concrete
1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of the
116R Cement and Concrete Terminology
meaning of a word or word group expressed in a single
sentence with additional information included in notes or
3. Terms and Their Definitions
discussion.
absorption, n—theprocessbywhichaliquidisdrawnintoand
NOTE 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review
tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, the
definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still
increase in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the
appropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.
penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores.
2. Referenced Documents
DISCUSSION—In the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unless
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of that which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, the
increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
body and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treated
Specimens)
by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying
to constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110 °C.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee admixture, n—a material other than water, aggregates, hy-
C09.91 on Terminology.
draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally
used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C125 – 06a. DOI:
10.1520/C0125-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
the ASTM website. Hills, MI 48333-9094.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
...

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ASTM C1293/C1293M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).  
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).  
4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.  
4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
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ASTM C617/C617M-23(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ASTM C873/C873M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM C1758/C1758M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabricating Test Specimens with Self-Consolidating Concrete

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4.1 Existing practices and test methods for fabricating fresh concrete test specimens are not suited to SCC. This practice provides requirements and procedures for fabricating test specimens with SCC having a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for fabricating test specimens in the laboratory or field using a representative sample of fresh self-consolidating concrete (SCC). This practice is applicable to SCC with a nominal maximum aggregate size up to 25 mm [1 in.] and a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater. If the slump flow is less than 500 mm [20 in.] follow the fabrication procedures described in the standard for which the test specimen is required.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete. This test method is applicable for laboratory use in comparing the passing ability of different concrete mixtures. It is also applicable in the field as a quality control test.  
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ASTM C1231/C1231M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides for using an unbonded capping system in testing hardened concrete cylinders made in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M in lieu of the capping systems described in Practice C617/C617M.  
4.2 The elastomeric pads deform in initial loading to conform to the contour of the ends of the test specimens and are restrained from excessive lateral spreading by plates and metal rings to provide a uniform distribution of load from the bearing blocks of the testing machine to the ends of the concrete or mortar specimens.
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Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
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1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
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Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C138/C138M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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