ASTM D3236-15(2021)

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method distinguishes between hot melts having different apparent viscosities. It is believed that apparent viscosity determined by this procedure is related to flow performance in application machinery operating under conditions of low shear rate. Apparent viscosity as determined by this test method may not correlate well with end-use applications where high shear rates are encountered.  
5.2 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be quite non-Newtonian and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method generally operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Maximum correlation between laboratories, therefore, depends upon testing under conditions of equivalent shear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent viscosity of hot melt adhesives and coating materials compounded with additives and having apparent viscosities up to 200 000 millipascal second (mPa·s) (Note 3) at temperatures up to 175 °C (347 °F).  
Note 1: Although precision has not been studied, this procedure may be adaptable to viscosities higher than the present 200 000 mPa·s limit and temperatures above 175 °C (347 °F). Equipment described in this test method permits testing of materials having viscosities as high as 16 × 106 mPa·s and provides temperatures up to 260 °C (500 °F).
Note 2: For petroleum waxes and their blends having apparent viscosities below 15 mPa·s, Test Method D445 is especially applicable.
Note 3: One pascal second (Pa·s) = 1000 centipoise (cP); one millipascal-second = one centipoise.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2020
• ICS: 25.220.60 - Organic coatings
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.10 - Properties of Petroleum Waxes and Alternative Wax-like Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3236 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3236; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-
ent viscosity of hot melt adhesives and coating materials
3. Terminology
compounded with additives and having apparent viscosities up
3.1 Definitions:
to 200 000 millipascal second (mPa·s) (Note 3) at temperatures
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity determined by this
up to 175 °C (347 °F).
test method and expressed in millipascal seconds. Its value
NOTE 1—Although precision has not been studied, this procedure may
may vary with the spindle and rotational speed selected
be adaptable to viscosities higher than the present 200 000 mPa·s limit and
because many hot melts are non-Newtonian.
temperatures above 175 °C (347 °F). Equipment described in this test
method permits testing of materials having viscosities as high as
3.1.2 viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The
6
16 × 10 mPa·s and provides temperatures up to 260 °C (500 °F).
viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
NOTE 2—For petroleum waxes and their blends having apparent
liquid in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal
viscosities below 15 mPa·s, Test Method D445 is especially applicable.
second. For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all
NOTE 3—One pascal second (Pa·s) = 1000 centipoise (cP); one milli-
shear rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary
pascal-second = one centipoise.
depending on shear rate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A representative sample of the molten material to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tested is maintained in a thermally controlled sample chamber.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Apparent viscosity is determined under temperature equilib-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
rium conditions using a precision rotating spindle type viscom-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
eter. Data obtained at several temperatures can be plotted on
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
appropriate semi-logarithmic graph paper and apparent viscos-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ity at intermediate temperatures can be estimated.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 This test method distinguishes between hot melts having
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
different apparent viscosities. It is believed that apparent
viscosity determined by this procedure is related to flow
2. Referenced Documents
performance in application machinery operating under condi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions of low shear rate. Apparent viscosity as determined by
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
this test method may not correlate well with end-use applica-
tions where high shear rates are encountered.
1 5.2 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
quite non-Newtonian and as such, the apparent viscosity will
Subcommittee D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Waxes and Alternative Wax-like
be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test.
Materials.
Although the viscometer described in this test method gener-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
ally operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate,
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3236 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D3236-15R21.
differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program.
contact ASTM Customer Service a
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