ASTM D2717-95(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal conductivity of nonmetallic liquids. It is applicable to liquids that are: (1) chemically compatible with borosilicate glass and platinum; (2) moderately transparent or absorbent to infrared radiation; and (3) have a vapor pressure less than 200 torr at the temperature of test.
1.1.1 Materials that have vapor pressures of up to 345 kPa (50 psia), absolute can be tested provided that adequate measures are taken to repress volatilization of the sample by pressurizing the thermal conductivity cell. The usual safety precautions for pressure vessels shall be followed under these circumstances.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D2717–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1 Cal (International Table calorie)=4.1868 absolute J
1 Btu (British thermal unit)=1055.07 absolute J
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthethermal
3.1.2 The units of thermal conductivity commonly used and
conductivity of nonmetallic liquids. It is applicable to liquids
their inter-conversion factors are shown in Table 1.
that are: (1) chemically compatible with borosilicate glass and
3.2 For working purposes in this test method, the rounded-
platinum; (2) moderately transparent or absorbent to infrared
off value of 4.19 J/cal is used, as this is adequate for the
radiation;and(3)haveavaporpressurelessthan200torratthe
precision of the test and also represents the rounded-off value
temperature of test.
of watt-second per calorie units in Table 1, thus avoiding the
1.1.1 Materials that have vapor pressures of up to 345 kPa
difficulty caused by the dual definition of the calorie.
(50 psia), absolute can be tested provided that adequate
3.3 Symbols:
measures are taken to repress volatilization of the sample by
pressurizing the thermal conductivity cell. The usual safety
precautions for pressure vessels shall be followed under these
T = filament temperature, °C,
f
circumstances.
T = bath thermostat temperature, °C,
b
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
DT = T − T ,° C,
f b
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
r = filament radius, cm,
f
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
r = internal radius of tube, cm,
i
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the r = external radius of tube, cm,
o
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- L = effective length of tube, cm,
R = resistance of filament, V,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
I = electric current through filament, A,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
K = thermal conductivity of liquid, cal/s·cm·°C,
L
2. Referenced Documents
K = thermal conductivity of glass-tube, cal/s·cm·°C,
G
−1
A = [ln(r/r )]/2p L,cm , and
i f
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B = [ln( r /r)]/2pLK , s·°C/cal.
o i G
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
4. Summary of Test Method
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
4.1 A thermal conductivity cell consisting of a straight,
at Reduced Pressures
four-lead, platinum resistance thermometer element located
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
concentrically in a long, small-diameter, precision-bore boro-
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
silicate glass tube is calibrated by accurate measurement of the
D 2893 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of
cell dimensions and by determination of the temperature-
Extreme-Pressure Lubricating Oils
resistance properties of the platinum element.
4.2 Thermal conductivity is determined by measurement of
3. Terminology
the temperature gradient produced across the liquid sample by
3.1 Abbreviations:Units:
a known amount of energy introduced into the cell by electri-
3.1.1 The energy units used in this test method are defined
cally heating the platinum element.
as follows:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The thermal conductivity of a substance is a measure of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
the ability of that substance to transfer energy as heat in the
D02.11 on Engineering Science and High Performance Fluids and Solids.
absenceofmasstransportphenomena.Itisusedinengineering
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally
calculations that relate to the manner in which a given system
published as D2717–68T. Last previous edition D2717–90.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. can react to thermal stresses.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2717
TABLE 1 Selected Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity
To Convert From To Multiply By
cal/s·cm·°C w/cm·°C 4.184
cal/s·cm·°C kcal/h·m·°C 360
cal/s·cm·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 2903
w/cm·°C cal/s·cm·°C 0.2389
w/cm·°C kcal/h·m·°C 86.00
w/cm·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 693.7
kcal/h·m·°C cal/s·cm·°C 0.002778
kcal/h·m·°C W/cm·°C 0.01163
kcal/h·m·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 8.064
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F cal/s·cm·°C 0.0003445
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F W/cm·°C 0.001442
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F kcal/h·m·°C 0.1240
6. Apparatus
6.1 ThermalConductivityCell,consistsessentiallyofathin,
straight platinum filament sealed axially in a borosilicate glass
tube.Thefilamentisheldtautbyaplatinumspring.Twoheavy
gage platinum studs support the filament at either end and
permitthefilamentitselftoserveastheelementandafour-lead
platinum resistance thermometer. Details and cell construction
are shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.1 A tube of 5.00 6 0.01 mm inside diameter shall be
used for liquids of low viscosity as these may create thermal
convection problems in the 10.47-mm tube.
6.2 Temperature Conditioning Bath, capable of maintaining
temperature in the vicinity of the thermal conductivity cell
constant and uniform to within 60.001°C at the test tempera-
ture.
6.3 Resistance Measuring Device, capable of measuring up
-4
to 50 V with a sensitivity of at least 10 V. A Mueller bridge
assembly with commutator for 4-lead resistance thermometer
service or digital multimeter with equivalent sensitivity and a
minimum of six digit resistance resolution with 4-lead mea-
surement capability are acceptable.
6.4 PotentialMeasuringDevice,capableofmeasuringupto
-6
1 V with a precision of 10 V or a potentiometer assembly
with sensitivity of at least 1 µV or a digital multimeter with
equvalent sensitivity, range, and a minimum of six digit
A. Penny Head Stopper standard taper 10/30.
resolution is acceptable.
B. Gold leads to extend 24 in. beyond PTFE plug. Leads from top and bot-
6.5 Resistor,1-V, precision type, with accuracy of
tom contacts to be of equal length. Excess from top leads to be located
60.0005% and stability of 60.001% per year.
in side tube rather than in the top extension of the cell.
6.6 Platinum Resistance Thermometer 4-lead long stem
C. PTFE plug drilled for wires.
D. 9-mm OD borosilicate glass.
with quartz sheath.
E. Fill top and side tubes with 350 to 500-cSt silicon oil to this level.
6.7 Power Supply, 24-V d-c.
F. Insulate gold wire in top and side tubes with woven glass.
NOTE 1—Two 12-V automobile batteries in series have proved satis-
G. 10.744 6 0.0127 mm ID precision bore borosilicate glass tubing.
factory as a power supply. They should be relatively new and fully
H. 0.0584-mm dia platinum wire.
charged.
I. Use 0.502 mm platinum through glass but add 0.502 mm gold for long
leads.
6.8 Power Supply, constant-voltage, for potentiometer.
J. 0.203-mm diameter platinum.
6.9 Standard Cell, unsaturated cadmium type, for potenti-
FIG. 1 Details of Thermal Conductivity Cell
ometer.
6.10 Switches, low thermal emf, knife or rotary.
3 6.11 Silicone Oil, dimethyl, viscosity at 25°C of 350 to 500
Model9330/1manufacturedbyGuildlineInstruments,Inc.,103CommerceSt.,
Ste. 160, P. O. Box 952590, Lake My, FL 32795-2590. Equivalent instrumentation mm /s (500 cSt).
is acceptable.
No. 245G-NW-19, manufactured by Instrulab, Inc., Dayton, OH, has been
7. Standardization of Apparatus
found satisfactory. Equivalent instrumentation is acce
...
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