ASTM D5049-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Screening of Cyanides in Waste
Standard Practice for Screening of Cyanides in Waste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This compilation of methods is intended for use by those in the waste management and related industries to determine the presence of cyanides.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to the screening of cyanides in waste liquids, sludges, semisolids, and solids. The following screening methods are included:
Sections
Method A—Chloramine T
13 – 15
Method B—Prussian Blue
16 – 18
Method C—Cyanide Test Paper
19 – 21
Method D—Gas Detector Tube
22 – 26
Method E—Ion Selective Electrode
27 – 31
1.2 This practice is designed and intended as a compilation of screening tests to complement more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine cyanide concentration. This practice provides the user the option and the ability to “screen” waste for potentially hazardous levels of cyanide when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 8 and 18.5.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5049 − 23
Standard Practice for
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Screening of Cyanides in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
1.1 This practice is applicable to the screening of cyanides
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
in waste liquids, sludges, semisolids, and solids. The following
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating
screening methods are included:
Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
Sections
D8273 Practice for Determination of Total and Available
Method A—Chloramine T 13 – 15
Method B—Prussian Blue 16 – 18 Cyanide in Solid Waste and Soil after Alkaline Extraction
Method C—Cyanide Test Paper 19 – 21
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
Method D—Gas Detector Tube 22 – 26
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis
Method E—Ion Selective Electrode 27 – 31
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2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
1.2 This practice is designed and intended as a compilation
21 CFR Part 1308 Schedules of Controlled Substances
of screening tests to complement more sophisticated quantita-
tive analytical techniques that may be used to determine
3. Terminology
cyanide concentration. This practice provides the user the
option and the ability to “screen” waste for potentially hazard-
3.1 See Terminology D5681 for definitions of terms related
ous levels of cyanide when the more sophisticated techniques
to waste and waste management.
are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.
3.2 See Guide D6696 for terminology specific to the various
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
forms of cyanide.
standard.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3.1 screening method—a preliminary, qualitative, or semi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
quantitative test, developed from classical qualitative and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
quantitative techniques, that is designed to efficiently give the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
user specific information about a waste that will aid in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determining waste identification, process compatibility, and
Specific hazard information is given in Section 8 and 18.5.
safety in handling.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Screening Methods
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Method A, Chloramine-T Method—The presence of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cyanides can be observed when cyanides react with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chloramine-T reagent at pH 8 to form cyanogen chloride. The
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
addition of barbituric acid to cyanogen chloride gives intensive
2. Referenced Documents
red color. This method indicates cyanides amenable to chlori-
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nation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4.2 Method B, Prussian Blue Method—The pH of a sample
is adjusted to pH 12 with NaOH and subsequently, solutions of
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ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride are added. By the addition of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of D34.01 on Monitoring and
concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of cyanides, a deep
Characterization.
blue color (Prussian blue) is produced. This method indicates
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
the presence of free cyanide and many complex cyanides.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1990 as D5049 – 90, which
was withdrawn in 1999 and reinstated November 2023. DOI: 10.1520/D5049-23.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Code of Federal Regulations available from the Superintendent of Documents,
the ASTM website. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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