ASTM E231-69 (1981)

Method for Static Determination of Young's Modulus of Metals at Low and Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 1985)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: E 231 - 69 (Reapproved 1981)
(ITb
Standard Method for
STATIC DETERMINATION OF YOUNG’S
MODULUS OF METALS AT LOW AND
ELEVATE D TEM PE RATU R ES1
This standard is issued under the fmed designation E 231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (E) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
values of Young’s modulus to state the stress range
1. Scope
over which it is measured. if the initial tangent
1.1 This method’ covers the determination
modulus, the tangent modulus, the secant modulus,
or the chord modulus is reported. this should be
of Young’s modulus of structural metallic ma-
stated and the applicable stress or stress range
terials at low and elevated temperatures by
should be given.
static actual load tests. This method is limited
to materials in which creep is negligible com-
pared to the strain produced immediately upon 3. General Considerations
loading at the specified testing temperature.
3.1 Certain portions of the following meth-
Young’s modulus can also be determined from
ods and recommended practices are applicable
static bend tests and by dynamic methods (not
and should be referred to, although the deter-
included in this method).
mination of Young’s modulus requires higher
precision than that usually required in general
NOT^ I-The values stated in inch-pound units
testing:
are to be regarded as the standard.
3. I. I ASTM Methods E 8, Tension Testing
of Metallic Materials,”
2. Definition
3.1.2 ASTM Methods E 9, Compression
2.1 Young’s modulus-the ratio of normal
Testing of Metallic Materials.‘
stress to corresponding strain for tensile or
3.1.3 Recommended Practice E 21, for
compressive stresses less than the proportional
Elevated-Temperature Tension Tests of Me-
limit of the material.
tallic Materials,4
3.1.4 ASTM Method E 111, for Determi-
NOTE 2-If the proportional limit is so small
of Young’s Modulus at Room Temper-
that a constant ratio of stress to strain cannot be ob- nation
tained under the conditions of the test, Fig. I,
ature,’ and
Young’s modulus should be replaced by (I ) Initial
3.1.5 ASTM Recommended Practice E 209,
Tangent Modulus, the slope of the stress-strain
curve at the origin, that is, line Os; (2) Tangent
Modulus, the slope of the stress-strain curve at any
’ This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM-ASME
given stress R, for example, the slope of the tangent
Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Proper-
trt to the stress-strain curve at that stress: (3) Se-
ties of Metals.
cant Modulus, the slope of the secant drawn from
Current edition effective July 25, 1969. Originally issued
the origin to any specified point r on the stress-strain
1964. Replaces E 231 ~ 64 T.
curve, for example, the slope of the line Or; or (4)
?ln preparing the present method it was necessary to
Chord Modulus, the slope of the chord drawn be- compromise on a number of controversial points and to
tween any two specified points on the stress-strain leave certain parts of the method indefinite because of the
lack of agreement and the absence of factual data on which
curve, for example, the slope of the line pi-. For cer-
to base definite recommendations. The Test Methods Panel
tain materials, the determination may be made
of the ASTM-ASME Joint Committee on the Effect of
after a limited amount of prestressing and release
Temperature on the Properties of Metals urgently needs
of load. In these cases the conditions under which a
factual information on which to base future clarifying re-
significant value of modulus can be determined
visions of this method.
should be prescribed in the product specification.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Parts 6. 7. and IO.
NOTE 3-In general, it is advisable in reporting ‘Annual Book o/ ASTM Standards, Part IO.
46

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4STb E 231
be known with the same precision as the relative
for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials
values of succeeding loads. This consideration usu-
at Elevated Temperatures with Conventional
ally permits lowering the lower limit of the loading
or Rapid Heating Rates and Strain Rates.4
range of the machine. It is convenient to consider
the permissible random variation in load in terms
NOTE 4-The accuracy required in the determi-
of the equivalent variation in strain which is directly
nation of Young’s modulus may vary from material
proportional to the product of Young’s modulus and
to material and should be stated in the product
cross-sectional area (Section 7).
specifications.
4.3 Loading Fixtures-Grips and other de-
3.2 Precise determination of Young’s mod-
vices for obtaining and maintaining axial
ulus reauires due regard for the
...