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ASTM D5706-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases at selected temperatures specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extreme pressure properties of lubricating fluid.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0.04 - Functional Tests - Tribology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5706-97(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5706-05(2011)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7421-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7755-11(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6425-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7594-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fretting Wear Resistance of Lubricating Greases Under High Hertzian Contact Pressures Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8316-20a - Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils with the Roller-Disk Geometry Using SRV Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7420-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tribomechanical Properties of Grease Lubricated Plastic Socket Suspension Joints Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6185-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Binary Mixtures of Lubricating Greases
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7217-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Solid Bonded Films Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5707-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8227-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8503-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Scuffing Temperature Limit of Lubricating Oils Using the SRV Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D5706-05 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineASTM D5706-05 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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ASTM D5706-05 - Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using A High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5706–05
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)
1
Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5706; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and
free-cuttingsteels–Part17:Ballandrollerbearingsteels
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-
extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-
tions (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces
frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test ma-
having stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height
chine.Thistestmethodcanalsobeusedforevaluatingextreme
characterizationusinglinearmaterialratiocurve(replaces
pressure properties of lubricating fluid.
DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; pa-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
rametersR ,R ,R ,M ,M forthedescriptionofthe
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this K PK VK r1 r2
material portion)
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
2. Referenced Documents both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
2
system’s long-term behavior. G40
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, µ or f, n—in tribology, the
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction
dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two
Bearing Steel
bodies to the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together.
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
G40
Grease
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—theapparentareaofcontact
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
Products, and Lubricants
other, as calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deforma-
D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction andWear Prop-
tion. G40
erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using
3.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, n—the magnitude of the
SRV Test Machine
pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
E45 TestMethodsforDeterminingtheInclusionContentof
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
Steel
G40
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
3.1.5 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
2.2 Other Standards:
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between
them. D4175
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.6 lubricating grease, n—asemi-fluidtosolidproductof
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. D217
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
´1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5706–97(2002) .
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
DOI: 10.1520/D5706-05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlog GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin,
Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5706–05
FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine, Model III
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare 3.2.3 SRV, n—Schwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss (Ger-
commonly included to impart special properties. man); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).
3.1.7 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
4. Summary of Test Method
posed of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid
lubricant to form the grease structure. D217
4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machine
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
using a ste
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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