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ASTM E3167/E3167M-18

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the manual ultrasonic scanning of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 This practice is not intended to provide 100 % joint examination. This practice specifies a minimum scanning grid that represents only a portion of the welded interface. As such, there exists a possibility of omitting flaws. In addition, selected areas of the welded interface may not be accessible. The extent of examination shall be specified in the contractual agreement.  
5.4 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, short-stab depth, inclusions, and voids.  
5.5 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipes with the same Specification D3350 density cell classification as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
5.6 Polyethylene is reported to have a shear velocity of 987 m/s. However, due to extremely high attenuation in shear mode (on the order of 5 dB/mm [127 dB/inch] at 2 MHz) no practical examinations can be carried out using shear mode (6).  
5.7 Due to the wide range of applications, joint acceptance criteria for polyethylene pipe are usually ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for ultrasonic testing (UT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. This practice provides one ultrasonic examination procedure for ultrasonic pulse-echo straight beam contact testing, using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.  
1.2 The practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion socket (for example, couplings) and saddle (for example, tees) fittings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 0.5 in. to 12 in. [12 mm to 300 mm] with pipe dimension ratios (DR) ranging from 6.3 to 17. Greater and lesser thicknesses and greater and lesser diameters may be tested using this practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.3 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE materials for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria. Refer to Specification F1055 and Practice F1290 for destructive acceptance criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safet...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM E1316-19b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-19 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM F1290-19 - Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-18 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-16a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM E3044/E3044M-16 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Butt Fusion Joints
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F412-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F1055-16 - Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-16a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016

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ASTM E3167/E3167M-18 - Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion JointsASTM E3167/E3167M-18 - Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints
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ASTM E3167/E3167M-18 - Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3167/E3167M − 18
Standard Practice for
Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene
1
Electrofusion Joints
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE3167/E3167M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for ultrasonic
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
testing (UT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe
systems. This practice provides one ultrasonic examination dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
procedure for ultrasonic pulse-echo straight beam contact
testing, using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
direct contact of the search unit with the material being mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
examined.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The practice is intended to be used on polyethylene
2. Referenced Documents
electrofusion socket (for example, couplings) and saddle (for
example, tees) fittings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
diameters from nominal 0.5 in. to 12 in. [12 mm to 300 mm]
the extent specified herein.
with pipe dimension ratios (DR) ranging from 6.3 to 17.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
Greater and lesser thicknesses and greater and lesser diameters
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
may be tested using this practice if the technique can be
demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the tings Materials
same wall thickness and geometry. E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
Contact Testing
1.3 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion
Testing
joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.
NOTE 1—The notes in this practice are for information only and shall E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
not be considered part of this practice.
E3044/E3044M Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Polyeth-
NOTE 2—This standard references HDPE and MDPE materials for pipe
ylene Butt Fusion Joints
applications defined by Specification D3350.
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria. Refer
F1055 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene
to Specification F1055 and Practice F1290 for destructive
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene
acceptance criteria.
and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
F1290 PracticeforElectrofusionJoiningPolyolefinPipeand
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Fittings
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3
2.3 ASNT Standards:
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
ASNT Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Certification in Nondestructive Testing
systems shall not be combined.
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Ultrasonic Method. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/E3167_E3167M-18. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3167/E3167M − 18
4
2.4
...

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ASTM E3101-18(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion, erosion, and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.
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1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of butt fusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping or vessel parts.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 MW examination detects differences between the dielectric constant(s) of the materials being examined. These differences may be due to material construction (expected) or flaws such as voids, cracks, or foreign material intrusion (unexpected).  
1.3 The butt fusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
1.4 This practice is intended for use on polyethylene butt fusion joints of pipe diameters of 4 in. to 65 in. (100 mm – 1650 mm) and wall thickness of 0.5 in. to 4 in. (12 mm – 100 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and smaller diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.5 This standard practice does not address microwave examination of electrofusion joints, socket joints, or saddles.  
1.6 This standard details inspection requirement only. Accept/reject criteria must be established contractually and is typically done using multiple samples with mechanical test (that is, tensile test) validation.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion and erosion and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.  
5.2 MW examination is useful for detecting various flaws that are known to occur in polyethylene electrofused joints.
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1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of electrofusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 The electrofusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
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1.4 This practice can be applied to post assembly inspection of polyethylene electrofusion joints.  
1.5 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Practice for Data Recording the Procedure used to Produce Heat Butt Fusion Joints in Plastic Piping Systems or Fittings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.  
5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.  
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This guide covers standard specification for three classes of gray iron for castings intended for use as valve pressure retaining parts, pipe fittings, and flanges. Chemical analysis shall be performed in each lot and shall conform to the required chemical composition for phosphorous and sulfur. Tension test shall be conducted on each class of gray iron castings and shall conform to the specified values of tensile strength. Tension test specimens shall have threaded ends and shall conform to the prescribed dimensions.
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FIG. 1 Flange Types  
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This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a specific temperature prior to heat treatment, which shall be performed in accordance with certain requirements such as heat treatment type, austenitizing/solution temperature, cooling media, and quenching. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness. All H grades and grade F 63 shall be tested for average grain size.
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1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar or hollow bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), refer to Specifications A479/A479M, A739, or A511/A511M for the similar grades available in those specifications.  
1.3 Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.  
1.4 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
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Standard Specification for Large–Diameter Fabricated Carbon Steel Flanges

ABSTRACT
This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges for use in high temperature, low pressure service such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems. The flanges shall be classified according to types as follows: Type I and Type II. Number of holes, hole diameter, and bolt circle are identical for both Type I and Type II flanges. Drilling of flanges shall be in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges sizes 14 NPS to 144 NPS, for use in high temperature (1000 °F), low pressure service (25 psig), such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B687-99(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for brass and copper pipe nipples within a specified size range. Chromium-plated pipe nipples covered by this specification are intended for use in the interior of decorative appliances. Both brass and copper pipe nipples should be produced from regular or extra strong pipes while chromium-plated pipe nipples are produced from regular weight brass pipes. All pipe nipples should be threaded in both ends with NPT Taper Pipe Threads except for close nipples with lengths shorter than the specified value. Threads should be right hand on both ends except when otherwise specified. Chromium plated nipples use short plumbing (hospital) threads. Pipe nipple ends shall be cut reasonable square to the central axis and chamfered on the outside with all outside burrs removed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for brass and copper pipe nipples in standard pipe sizes from 1/8 to 8 in., inclusive, in standard lengths, and chromium-plated pipe nipples in standard pipe sizes from 1/8 to 2 in., inclusive, in standard lengths.  
1.1.1 Chromium-plated pipe nipples ordered under this specification are intended for interior use in decorative applications.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off