ASTM D942-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Pressure Vessel Method
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Pressure Vessel Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D942 − 23
Designation: 142/23
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen
1,2
Pressure Vessel Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under
Vessels and for General Applications
conditions of test.
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
duction Period Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard.
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa
2.2 Other Standards:
4
with psi provided for information only.
IP Specification for Standard IP Thermometers
5
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all BS 970:1983 Part I, Section S
dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in paren-
theses for information only. 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample of grease is oxidized in a pressure vessel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
heated to 100 °C (212 °F) and filled with oxygen at 750 kPa
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(109 psi). Pressure is observed and recorded at stated intervals.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The degree of oxidation after a given period of time is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
determined by the corresponding decrease in oxygen pressure.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
NOTE 1—The pressure vessel has been referred to as “a bomb” in
previous issues of this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 2—The accepted unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) for ASTM
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
methods and will be parenthetically included after the conventional
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pound-force per square inch (psi) value. The Energy Institute uses the bar
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as a pressure measurement. Conversion of units may be obtained as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical follows:
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to pascal (Pa)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3
multiply by 6.894757 × 10 .
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to bar multiply by
0.06894757.
5
To convert from bar to pascal (Pa) multiply by 10 .
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee
D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct
responsibility of ASTM Subcommittee D02.09.0E on Oxidation of Greases. The
technically equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy
3
Institute Subcommittee SC-C-6. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D942 – 19. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0942-23. the ASTM website.
2 4
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. ASTM and IP standards were approved by U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
5
ASTM and EI technical committees as being technically equivalent but that does not Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
imply both standards are identical. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D942 − 19 D942 − 23
Designation: 142/85 (92)142/23
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen
1,2
Pressure Vessel Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in
a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility
of ASTM Subcommittee D02.09.0E on Oxidation of Greases. The technically equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institute Subcommittee
SC-C-6.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by
the cooperating societies in accordance with the established procedures.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2019November 2023. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20152019
as D942 – 15.D942 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D0942-19.10.1520/D0942-23.
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. ASTM and IP standards were approved by ASTM
and EI technical committees as being technically equivalent but that does not imply both standards are identical.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D942 − 23
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
2.2 Other Standards:
4
IP Specification for Standard IP Thermometers
5
BS 970:1983 Part I, Section S
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample of grease is oxidized in a pressure vessel heated to 99 °C (210 °F)100 °C (212 °F) and filled with oxygen at
758 kPa (110 psi).750 kPa (109 psi). Pressure is observed and recorded at stated intervals. The degree of oxidation after a given
period of time is determined by the corresponding decrease in oxygen pressure.
NOTE 1—The pressure vessel has been referred to as “a bomb” in previous issues of this test method.
NOTE 2—The accepted unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) for ASTM methods and will be parenthetically included after the conventional pound-force per
square inch (psi) value. The E
...
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