ASTM D4716/D4716M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
Standard Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended either as an index test or as a performance test used to determine and compare the flow rate per unit width of one or several candidate geosynthetics under specific conditions.
5.2 This test method may be used as an index test for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision of this test method is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 may be advisable.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, normal stress, seating period, hydraulic gradient, test water temperature, etc., then conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are formed from a lot of the material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction of flow.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4716/D4716M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716/D4716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5092Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater
Monitoring Wells
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
D6574Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hydrau-
the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
lic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
geosyntheticsundervaryingnormalcompressivestressesanda
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic
gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the
3. Terminology
user to model anticipated field conditions.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
continuousin-planeflowpathstooccurparalleltotheintended
bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
direction of flow.
syntheticswhichisusedinageotechnicalapplication. (D4439)
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D4439)
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
with the standard.
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and engineering principals to the acquisition, interpretation,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and use of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
solution of engineering problems.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil
2. Referenced Documents
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related
D4354Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled sciences. (D4439)
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
3.1.5 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
solely of textiles. (D4439)
D4491Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
3.1.6 gravity flow, n—flow in a direction parallel to the
by Permittivity
planeofageosyntheticdrivenpredominantlybyadifferencein
elevation between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—The pressure at the outflow is consid-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
ered to be atmospheric. (D4439)
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
ability and Filtration.
3.1.7 head (static), n—the height above a standard datum of
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
the surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4716–08 (2013).
supported by a static pressure at a given point. The static head
DOI: 10.1520/D4716_D4716M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
isthesumoftheelevationheadandthepressurehead. (D5092)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.8 hydraulicgradient,i,n—thelossofhydraulicheadper
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. unit distance of flow, dh/dL. (D4439)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716/D4716M − 14
2 −1
3.1.9 hydraulic transmissivity, θ (L T ),n—for a 5.2 This test method may be used as an index test for
geosynt
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4716 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D4716/D4716M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716;D4716/D4716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but
can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model
anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended
direction of flow.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
parentheses are provided for information only.each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
D6574 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any combination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
synthetics which is used in a geotechnical application. (D4439)
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles
for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D4439)
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. (D4439)
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods and engineering principals to the acquisition, interpretation, and use
of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the solution of engineering problems.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2013January 2014. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D4716 – 08.D4716 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D4716-08R13.10.1520/D4716_D4716M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716/D4716M − 14
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering aspects of geology, geophysics,
hydrology, and related sciences. (D4439)
3.1.5 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles. (D4439)
3.1.6 gravity flow, n—flow in a direction parallel to the plane of a geosynthetic driven predominantly by a difference in elevation
between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
The pressure at the outflow is considered to be atmospheric. (D443
...
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