ASTM D906-98(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shear strength an important performance criteria.
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in materials performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in plywood-type construction, when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D906 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D906; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives
used in bonding wood to wood.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
parative shear strengths of adhesives in plywood-type
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
construction, when tested on a standard specimen and under
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing.
information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives. responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D906 – 98 (2011).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
DOI: 10.1520/D0906-98R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D906 − 98 (2017)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Termi-
nology D907.
3.1.2 plywood, n—a panel generally flat built up of layers of
FIG. 1 Grips and Jaws
veneer called plies, united under pressure by an adhesive to
create a panel with the bond between the plies as strong as, or
stronger than, the wood, and that has the following character-
developed under the conditions prescribed in Section 8 is not
istics: (1) is constructed of an odd number of layers with grain
noticeably altered during testing.
of adjacent layers perpendicular, (2) with a layer consisting of
either a single ply or two or more plies laminated with parallel 6. Test Specimens
grain direction, and (3) with outer layers and all odd numbered
6.1 The test specimens shall conform to the form and
layers generally having the grain direction oriented parallel to
dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The specimens shall be cut from
the long dimension of the panel.
test panels prepared as described in Sections 7 and 8.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Generally, the grain of one or more
6.2 At least 40 specimens, representing at least five different
plies is approximately at right angles to the other plies, and
panels, shall be prepared, selected and tested as prescribed in
almost always an odd number of plies are used.
Sections 9 and 10.
3.1.3 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain
or failure resulting from applied forces that tend to cause
7. Preparation and Test Panels
adjacent planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite direc-
7.1 The standard substrate for this test method is 1.6–mm
tions.
(1/16–in.) thick rotary-cut or sliced veneer of sweet birch
(Betula lenta) or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Any
4. Significance and Use
other thickness or species of veneer may be substituted upon
4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shear
written agreement between the party requesting this test and
strength an important performance criteria.
the manufacturer of the adhesive. Select veneer that is free of
4.2 Shearstrengthmeasuredbythistestissuitableforusein
defects such as knots or distorted grain around knots, cracks,
adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in
short grain (fibers out of plane), rough surfaces, or unusual
materials performance specifications.
discoloration that would indicate decay. Do not sand the
veneer.
5. Apparatus
7.2 Cut the selected veneer into a size suitable for pressing
5.1 The testing machine shall be adjusted to a loading rate
and for cutting specimens with minimal waste. Allow at least
of between 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where
⁄2-in. (13 mm) for trim around the edges.
the testing machine is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement
rather than load application rate, an appropriate head move-
ment rate shall be selected so as to yield an average load
application rate in the 4535 to 7560 g/s (600 to 1000 lb/min)
range. It shall be provided with suitable grips and jaws so that
the specimen can be gripped tightly and held in alignment as
the load is applied. The grips and jaws shown in Fig. 1 have
been found satisfactory.The testing machine shall be located in
an atmosphere such that the moisture content of the specimens
Metric Equivalents
1 1
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D906 − 98 (Reapproved 2011) D906 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D906; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The ) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete ) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions ) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness
of film, number of coats to be applied, whether more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly ) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room
temperature, length of time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing ) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time
under pressure and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether
this temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be
maintained.
(6) Conditioning ) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified,
including the length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in plywood-type construction,
when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is
intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2017. Published April 2011August 2017. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 as
D906 – 98 (2004).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D0906-98R11.10.1520/D0906-98R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D906 − 98 (2017)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminology D907.
3.1.2 plywood, n—a panel generally flat built up of layers of veneer called plies, united under pressure by an adhesive to create
a panel with the bond between the plies as strong as, or stronger than, the wood, and that has the following characteristics: (1) is
constructed of an odd number of layers with grain of adjacent layers perpendicular, (2) with a layer consisting of either a single
ply or two or more plies laminated with parallel grain direction, and (3) with outer layers and all odd numbered layers generally
having the grain direction oriented parallel to the long dimension of the panel.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Generally, the grain of one or more plies is approximately at right angles to the other plies, and almost always an odd number of
plies are used.
3.1.3 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain or failure resulting from applied forces that tend to cause adjacent
planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite directions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shear strength an important performance criteria.
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in
materials performance specifications.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The testing machine shall be adjusted to a loading rate of between 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where the
testing machine is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement rather than load application rate, an appropriate head movement rate
shall be selected so as to yield an average load application rate in the 4535 to 7560 g/s (600 to 1000 lb/min) range. It shall be
provided with suitable grips and jaws so that the specimen can be gripped tightly and held in alignment as the load is applied. The
grips and jaws shown in Fig. 1 have been found satisfactory. The testing machine shall be located in an atmosphere such that the
moisture content of the specimens developed under the conditions prescribed in Section 8 is not noticeably altered during testing.
FIG. 1 Grips and Jaws
D906 − 98 (2017)
6. Test Specimens
6.1 The test specimens shall conform to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The specimens shall be cut from test panels
prepared as described in Sections 7 and 8.
6.2 At least 40 specimens, representing at least five different panels, shall be prepared, selected and tested as prescribed in
Sections 9 and 10.
7. Preparation and Test Panels
7.1 The standard substrate for this test method is 1.6–mm (1/16–in.) thick rotary-cut or sliced veneer of sweet birch (Betula
lenta) or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Any other thickness or species of veneer may be substituted upon written agreement
between the party requesting this test and the manufacture
...
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