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ASTM C1616-07(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight

Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some insulation materials contain moisture, which will affect the thermal and other physical properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method will determine the moisture content, as a percentage of the dry weight of organic and inorganic insulation materials.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2018
ICS
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1616-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM C168-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Apr-2024
Refers
ASTM C390-08(2024) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Refers
ASTM C390-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Refers
ASTM C168-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM C168-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM C303-10(2016) - Standard Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Oct-2016
Refers
ASTM C168-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM C168-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM C302-13 - Standard Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM C390-08(2013) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM C168-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Refers
ASTM C303-10 - Standard Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board-Type Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Refers
ASTM C168-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Refers
ASTM C168-08b - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008

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ASTM C1616-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by WeightASTM C1616-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
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ASTM C1616-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1616 − 07 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic
Insulation Materials by Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1616; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 M—moisture content weight, percent.
1.1 This test method will determine the moisture content, as
3.2.2 W —initial specimen weight, lb (g).
a percentage of the dry weight of organic and inorganic
I
insulation materials.
3.2.3 W —moisture-free specimen weight (g) M, lb.
MF
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Summary of Test Method
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4.1 This test method is based upon weighing specimens of
information only.
the insulation material and then drying the specimens by
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
heating them in an oven to remove any moisture. Then the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
moisture content is determined using the calculation procedure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in 9.1.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 Some insulation materials contain moisture, which will
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
affect the thermal and other physical properties of the insula-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tion.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Air-circulating Oven.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Scale (accurate to within 0.0011 lb (0.5 g).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
7.1 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall be of a size that
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
can be conveniently tested in a drying oven but not less than 72
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
cubic inches in volume such as 6 by 6 by 2 in. thick (150 by
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
150 by 51 mm).
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
8. Procedure
Insulation Lots
8.1 Four test specimens shall be tested. Cut or prepare the
3. Terminology
four specimens to meet the size requirements of 7.1.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this specification,
8.2 Measure and record the specimens weight (W ) imme-
I
see Terminology C168.
diately after the specimens are prepared to size. The specimens
shall be weighed to the nearest 0.0011 lb (0.5 g).
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
8.3 Place the specimens in an air-circulating oven at a
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation
temperature specified in the material specification or at a
Finishes and Moisture.
temperature no higher than 230 6 10°F (110 6 6°C) for a
Current edition ap
...

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5.1 Some electrical properties, such as dielectric strength, vary with the thickness of the material. Determination of certain properties, such as relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and volume resistivity, usually require a knowledge of the thickness. Design and construction of electrical machinery require that the thickness of insulation be known.
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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.  
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5.4 Test Limitations:  
5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
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1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.  
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1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).  
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6.1 Thermal degradation is often a major factor affecting the life of insulating materials and the equipment in which they are used. The temperature index provides a means for comparing the thermal capability of different materials in respect to the degradation of a selected property (the aging criterion). This property needs to directly or indirectly represent functional needs in application. For example, it is possible that a change in dielectric strength will be of direct, functional importance. However, more often it is possible that a decrease in dielectric strength will indirectly indicate the development of undesirable cracking (embrittlement). A decrease in flexural strength has the potential to be of direct importance in some applications, but also has the potential to indirectly indicate a susceptibility to failure in vibration. Often, it is necessary that two or more criteria of failure be used; for example, dielectric strength and flexural strength.  
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1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for evaluating the thermal endurance of rigid electrical insulating materials. Dielectric strength, flexural strength, or water absorption are determined at room temperature after aging for increasing periods of time in air at selected-elevated temperatures. A thermal-endurance graph is plotted using a selected end point at each aging temperature. A means is described for determining a temperature index by extrapolation of the thermal endurance graph to a selected time.  
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1.3 When dielectric strength is used as the aging criterion, it is also acceptable to use this test method for some thin sheet (flexible) materials, which become rigid with thermal aging, but is not intended to replace Test Method D1830 for those materials which must retain a degree of flexibility in use.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to ceramics, glass, or similar inorganic materials.  
1.5 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as standard. Other units (in parentheses) are provided for information.  
1.6 When determining the thermal endurance of rigid EIM, the basic concepts in this standard follow IEEE 1, IEEE 98, and IEEE 101.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warning statement is given in 11.3.4.  
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ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.  
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Test Method D5537 provides means for measuring heat release with the equipment used in this test method.  
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.  
5.5 Test Limitations:  
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
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1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.  
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.  
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...

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Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
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5.3 This test method determines the minimum temperature required to ignite a material by the effect of a glowing heat source, under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
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1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.  
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.  
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.  
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5374-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ovens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ovens used for thermal evaluation of insulating materials are to be capable of maintaining uniform conditions of temperature and air circulation over the extended periods of time that are required for conducting these tests. Specification D5423 specifies the permissible variations from absolute uniformity that have been accepted internationally for these ovens. These test methods include procedures for measuring these variations and other specified characteristics of the ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for evaluating the characteristics of forced-convection ventilated electrically-heated ovens, operating over all or part of the temperature range from 20 °C above the ambient temperature to 500 °C and used for thermal endurance evaluation of electrical insulating materials.  
1.2 These test methods are based on IEC Publication 60216-4-1, and are technically identical to it. This compilation of test methods and an associated specification, D5423, have replaced Specification D2436.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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