ASTM E194-20

Standard Test Method for Acid-Insoluble Content of Copper and Iron Powders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the amount of gangue, refractory, inert, etc. materials, that may adversely affect compacting tools and sintered properties of components formed from copper and iron powders.  
4.2 The insoluble matter consists of those nonmetallic substances that do not dissolve in the mineral acid used to dissolve the metal. In copper powder, which is treated with nitric acid, the acid-insoluble matter includes silica, insoluble silicates, alumina, clays, and other refractory materials that may be introduced either as impurities in the raw material or from the furnace lining, fuel, etc.; lead sulfate may also be present. In iron powder, which is treated with hydrochloric acid, the insoluble matter may include carbides in addition to the substances listed above. The test method excludes insoluble material that is volatile at the ignition temperature specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the mineral-acid-insoluble matter content of copper and iron powders in amounts under 1.0 %.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2020
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E194 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Acid-Insoluble Content of Copper and Iron Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Summary of Test Method
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 3.1 The sample is dissolved in the appropriate acid: nitric
acid (HNO ) for copper, hydrochloric acid (HCl) for iron. The
mineral-acid-insoluble matter content of copper and iron pow-
3
insoluble matter is filtered out and ignited in a furnace at
ders in amounts under 1.0 %.
980 °C for 1 h.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
4. Significance and Use
3
gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the
longstanding industry practice, the values stated in SI units are
amount of gangue, refractory, inert, etc. materials, that may
to be regarded as standard.
adversely affect compacting tools and sintered properties of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
components formed from copper and iron powders.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The insoluble matter consists of those nonmetallic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
substances that do not dissolve in the mineral acid used to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dissolve the metal. In copper powder, which is treated with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nitric acid, the acid-insoluble matter includes silica, insoluble
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
silicates, alumina, clays, and other refractory materials that
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may be introduced either as impurities in the raw material or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
from the furnace lining, fuel, etc.; lead sulfate may also be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
present. In iron powder, which is treated with hydrochloric
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
acid, the insoluble matter may include carbides in addition to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thesubstanceslistedabove.Thetestmethodexcludesinsoluble
material that is volatile at the ignition temperature specified.
2. Referenced Documents
3
5. Interferences
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
5.1 Any metallic tin present in the copper powder will be
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid- converted into the insoluble tin oxide by the nitric acid
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
treatment; in such cases, provision shall be made for the
Related Materials determination of tin oxide and the appropriate correction
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
applied.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus and reagents shall conform to the require-
ments prescribed in Practices E50.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
6.2 Hot Plate.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally
6.3 Muffle Furnace, capable of operating at 980 °C.
approvedin1962.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asE194 – 10(2015).DOI:
6.4 Casseroles (non-metallic), 250 mL and 750 mL.
10.1520/E0194-20.
2
Based on the method developed by the Metal Powder Association (now the
6.5 Glass Funnel.
Metal Powder Producers Association of the Metal Powder Industries Federation)
and described in MPIF Standard 06, “Determination of Acid Insoluble Matter in
6.6 Quart or Porcelain Crucible.
Iron and Copper Powders,” which is a standard of the MPIF.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.7 Desiccator.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.8 Analytical Balance, readable to 0.0001 g, with a mini-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mum capacity of 100 g.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E194 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) E194 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Acid-Insoluble Content of Copper and Iron Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mineral-acid-insoluble matter content of copper and iron powders in amounts
under 1.0 %.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per
3
cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample is dissolved in the appropriate acid: nitric acid (HNO ) for copper, hydrochloric acid (HCl) for iron. The insoluble
3
matter is filtered out and ignited in a furnace at 980 °C for 1 h.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the amount of gangue, refractory, inert, etc.,etc. materials, that may adversely
affect compacting tools and sintered properties of components formed from copper and iron powders.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2020. Published June 2010October 2020. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
E194 – 10.E194 – 10(2015). DOI: 10.1520/E0194-10R15.10.1520/E0194-20.
2
Based on the method developed by the Metal Powder Association (now the Metal Powder Producers Association of the Metal Powder Industries Federation) and described
in MPIF Standard 06, “Determination of Acid Insoluble Matter in Iron and Copper Powders,” which is a standard of the MPIF.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E194 − 20
4.2 The insoluble matter consists of those nonmetallic substances that do not dissolve in the mineral acid used to dissolve the
metal. In copper powder, which is treated with nitric acid, the acid-insoluble matter includes silica, insoluble silicates, alumina,
clays, and other refractory materials that may be introduced either as impurities in the raw material or from the furnace lining, fuel,
etc.; lead sulfate may also be present. In iron powder, which is treated with hydrochloric acid, the insoluble matter may include
carbides in addition to the substances listed above. The test method excludes insoluble material that is volatile at the ignition
temperature specified.
5. Interferences
5.1 Any metallic tin present in the copper powder will be converted into the insoluble tin oxide by the nitric acid treatment; in
such cases, provision shall be made for the determination of tin oxide and the appropriate correction applied.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus and reagents shall conform
...