ASTM D495-99(2004)

Standard Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers, in a preliminary fashion, the differentiation among similar materials with respect to their resistance to the action of a high-voltage, low-current arc close to the surface of insulation, intending to form a conducting path therein or in causing the material to become conducting due to the localized thermal and chemical decomposition and erosion.
1.2 The usefulness of this test method is very severely limited by many restrictions and qualifications, some of which are described in the following paragraphs and in Section . Generally, this test method should not be used in material specifications. Whenever possible, alternative test methods should be used, and their development is encouraged.
1.3 This test method will not, in general, permit conclusions to be drawn concerning the relative arc resistance rankings of materials that may be subjected to other types of arcs: for example, high voltage at high currents, and low voltage at low or high currents (promoted by surges or by conducting contaminants).
1.4 The test method is intended, because of its convenience and the short time required for testing, for preliminary screening of material, for detecting the effects of changes in formulation, and for quality control testing after correlation has been established with other types of simulated service arc tests and field experience. Because this test method is usually conducted under clean and dry laboratory conditions rarely encountered in practice, the prediction of a material's relative performance in typical applications and in varying "clean to dirty" environments may be substantially altered (Note 0). Caution is urged against drawing strong conclusions without corroborating support of simulated service tests and field testing. Rather, this test method is useful for preliminary evaluation of changes in structure and composition without the complicating influence of environmental conditions, especially dirt and moisture. By changing some of the circuit conditions described herein it has been found possible to rearrange markedly the order of arc resistance of a group of organic insulating materials consisting of vulcanized fiber and of molded phenolic and amino plastics, some containing organic, and some inorganic, filler.
1.5 While this test method uses dry, uncontaminated specimen surfaces, Test Method D 2132, Test Methods D 2303, and Test Method D 3638 employ wet, contaminated specimen surfaces. Their use is recommended for engineering purposes and to assist in establishing some degree of significance to this test method for quality control purposes.
1.6 This test method is not applicable to materials that do not produce conductive paths under the action of an electric arc, or that melt or form fluid residues that float conductive residues out of the active test area thereby preventing formation of a conductive path.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see , , Section , and .
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers, in a preliminary fashion, the differentiation among similar materials with respect to their resistance to the action of a high-voltage, low-current arc close to the surface of insulation, intending to form a conducting path therein or in causing the material to become conducting due to the localized thermal and chemical decomposition and erosion.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, this practice was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1999
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Dec-2012
• ICS: 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.12 - Electrical Tests

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D710-19 - Standard Specification for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rolls, Rods, and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D705-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1755-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM G21-15(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5948-05(2020) - Standard Specification for Molding Compounds, Thermosetting
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1039-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D619-21 - Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1201-13(2022)e1 - Standard Specification for Thermosetting Polyester Molding Compounds
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D709-17 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1304-99(2020)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Adhesives Relative to Their Use as Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D229-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D704-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D495 − 99(Reapproved 2004) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid
1
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope evaluationofchangesinstructureandcompositionwithoutthe
complicatinginfluenceofenvironmentalconditions,especially
1.1 This test method covers, in a preliminary fashion, the
dirt and moisture.
differentiation among similar materials with respect to their
resistancetotheactionofahigh-voltage,low-currentarcclose
NOTE 1—By changing some of the circuit conditions described herein
to the surface of insulation, intending to form a conducting
it has been found possible to rearrange markedly the order of arc
path therein or in causing the material to become conducting
resistance of a group of organic insulating materials consisting of
vulcanized fiber and of molded phenolic and amino plastics, some
due to the localized thermal and chemical decomposition and
containing organic, and some inorganic, filler.
erosion.
1.5 While this test method uses dry, uncontaminated speci-
1.2 The usefulness of this test method is very severely
limited by many restrictions and qualifications, some of which men surfaces, Test Method D2132, Test Methods D2303, and
are described in the following paragraphs and in Section 5. Test Method D3638 employ wet, contaminated specimen
Generally, this test method should not be used in material
surfaces. Their use is recommended for engineering purposes
specifications. Whenever possible, alternative test methods
and to assist in establishing some degree of significance to this
2
should be used, and their development is encouraged.
test method for quality control purposes.
1.3 Thistestmethodwillnot,ingeneral,permitconclusions
1.6 This test method is not applicable to materials that do
to be drawn concerning the relative arc resistance rankings of
not produce conductive paths under the action of an electric
materials that may be subjected to other types of arcs: for
arc, or that melt or form fluid residues that float conductive
example, high voltage at high currents, and low voltage at low
residues out of the active test area thereby preventing forma-
or high currents (promoted by surges or by conducting con-
tion of a conductive path.
taminants).
1.7 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
1.4 The test method is intended, because of its convenience
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and the short time required for testing, for preliminary screen-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ing of material, for detecting the effects of changes in
and are not considered standard.
formulation,andforqualitycontroltestingaftercorrelationhas
been established with other types of simulated service arc tests
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and field experience. Because this test method is usually
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conducted under clean and dry laboratory conditions rarely
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
encountered in practice, the prediction of a material’s relative
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performance in typical applications and in varying “clean to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
dirty” environments may be substantially altered (Note 1).
precautionary statements, see 6.1.14, 6.1.19, Section 7, and
Caution is urged against drawing strong conclusions without
10.1.1.
corroborating support of simulated service tests and field
testing. Rather, this test method is useful for preliminary
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. Also helpful is Test Method D2302 for Wet Tracking Resistance of Electrical
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published June 1999. Originally Insulating Materials with Controlled Water-to-Metal Discharges. This test method
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D495–94. DOI: waswithdrawnandlastappearedinthe 1982 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Part
10.1520/D0495-99R04. 39.
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