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ASTM F683-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery

Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery

ABSTRACT
This practice provides the design and dimensional details required for the proper selection of the type of, and correct installation procedures for, thermal insulation materials suitable for use on piping, machinery, and equipment employed in nonnuclear shipboard applications. The insulation and lagging requirements for the removable covers of valves, fittings, flanges, and machinery or equipment, as well as the requirements for thermal insulating tape, are also detailed completely.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of types and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping, machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications within the temperature ranges specified in Tables 1-16. Methods and materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.  
1.2 This practice addresses operating temperatures from a low of –20 °F (–29 °C) up to 1200 °F (649 °C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.02 - Insulation/Processes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D962-81(2020) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pigments for Paints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM C1086-20 - Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded Felt Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM C553-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Refers
ASTM C612-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Refers
ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM C195-07(2019) - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM C892-18a - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM C892-18 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2018
Refers
ASTM C168-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM C892-17 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM C552-17 - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM C547-17 - Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Refers
ASTM C168-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM C1729-17 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Refers
ASTM C1086-09(2016) - Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded Felt Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
15-Nov-2016

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ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and MachineryASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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REDLINE ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and MachineryREDLINE ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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REDLINE ASTM F683-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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25 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F683 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping
1
and Machinery
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope B209/B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-
Alloy Sheet and Plate
1.1 This practice covers the selection of types and thick-
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
nesses of thermal insulation materials for piping, machinery,
C195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating
and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications within
Cement
the temperature ranges specified in Tables 1-16. Methods and
C449/C449M Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-
materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.
Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
1.2 This practice addresses operating temperatures from a
C533 Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe
low of –20 °F (–29 °C) up to 1200 °F (649 °C).
Thermal Insulation
C534 Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cel-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical lular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
C547 Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. C552 Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
C553 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C610 Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Pipe Thermal Insulation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
C612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Thermal Insulation
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
C680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C892 Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Thermal Insulation
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C1086 Specification for Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded
2
Felt Thermal Insulation
2. Referenced Documents
C1729 Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for Insulation
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1767 Specification for Stainless Steel Jacketing for Insula-
A240 Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel
tion
Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels
D962 Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pig-
and for General Applications
ments for Paints
4
2.2 Federal Specifications:
HH-P-31 Packing and Lagging Material, Fibrous Glass Me-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
tallic and Plain Cloth and Tape
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on
4
Insulation/Processes.
2.3 Military Specifications:
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
MIL-C-20079 Cloth, Glass, Tape, Textile Glass and Thread,
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F683 – 21. DOI:
Glass
10.1520/F0683-23.
2
The latest revision of all referenced documents shall apply.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F683 − 23
A,B
TABLE 1 Insulation and Lagging Materials for Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings Used for Interior Piping Syst
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F683 − 21 F683 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping
1
and Machinery
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides guidance in covers the selection of types and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping,
machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications within the temperature ranges specified in Tables 1-16. Methods
and materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.
1.2 This practice addresses operating temperatures from a low of –20°F (–29°C) up to 1050°F (566°C).–20 °F (–29 °C) up to
1200 °F (649 °C).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240 Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for
General Applications
B209/B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement
C449/C449M Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
C533 Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
C534 Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on
Insulation/Processes.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021May 1, 2023. Published September 2021June 2023. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20142021 as
F683 – 14.F683 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/F0683-21.10.1520/F0683-23.
2
The latest revision of all referenced documents shall apply.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F683 − 23
A,B
TABLE 1 Insulation and Lagging Materials for Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings Used for Interior Piping Systems
Temperature Range
C,D
Insulation Specification Lagging Specification
°F (°C)
−20 to +40 (−29 to +4) cellular glass ASTM C552, Type II Woven fibrous glass cloth MIL-C-20079, Type I, Classes
3 through 9
Knitted fibrous glass tape MIL-C-20079, Type II, Class 3
Table 12 materials
A
elastomeric cellular MIL-PRF-32514, Type I, ASTM Woven fibrous glass cloth MIL-C-20079, Type I, Classes
C534 3 through 9
A
elastomeric cellular MIL-PRF-32514, Type I, (ASTM Woven fibrous glass cloth MIL-C-20079, Type I, Classes
C534, Grade 3), ASTM C534, 3 through 9
Grades 1, 2, and 3
Knitted fibrous glass tape MIL-C-20079, Type II, Class 3
Table 12 materials
41 to 125 (5 to 51) cellular glass ASTM C552, Type II Woven fibrous glass cloth MIL-C-20079, Type I, Classes
3 through 9
Knitted fibrous glass tape MIL-C-20079, Type II, Class 3
Table 12 materials
A
elastomeric cellular MIL-P-15280, Form T, Woven fibrous glass cloth MIL-C-20079, Type I, Classes
MIL-PRF-32514, Type I, 3 through 9
ASTM C534
A
elasto
...

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1.1 This specification provides requirements for the design of thermal insulation systems for cryogenic piping and equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled ship applications. Methods and materials for installation, including jacketing and vapor retarders, are also detailed.  
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This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as nonstructural panels useful in building construction. The materials are classified as follows: Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Under Type I are Classes 1 and 2. Under Type II are Classes 1, 2, and 3. Under Type II Class 1 are Grades 1, 2, and 3. Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself, or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: conditioning; thermal resistance; compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; tensile strength perpendicular to board surface; water absorption; and water vapor transmission.
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1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
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5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor retarder finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Sampling  
4  
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7  
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9  
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13  
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1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
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Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

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4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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ASTM
ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C585-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.  
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.  
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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