iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D5443-93(1998)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200°C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200&#176C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200°C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200°C and less than 270°C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C 9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C 6 and C 7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane, that is the only C 5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 mass %.
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphthas.
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 1 and 2 and Table 2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1998
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5443-93(2003)e1 - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200°C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5134-21 - Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998

Buy Standard

ASTM D5443-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200&#176C by Multi-Dimensional Gas ChromatographyASTM D5443-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200&#176C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D5443-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200&#176C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5443 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200°C by Multi-
Dimensional Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Hydrocarbon Test Mixture
1. Scope
Hydrocarbons Warning
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of
Cyclopentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low
Pentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of
Cyclohexane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
200°C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than
2,3-Dimethylbutane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Hexane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
200°C and less than 270°C are reported as a single group.
1-Hexene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates
Methylcyclohexane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aro-
4-Methyl-1-hexene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Heptane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
matics boiling at C and above are reported as a single aromatic
1,cis-2-Dimethylcyclohexane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if
group.
inhaled.)
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (iso-octane) (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Octane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
components except for benzene and toluene that are the only
1,cis-2,cis-4-Trimethylcyclohexane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
C and C aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane, that is the
6 7
Nonane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
only C naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single Decane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Undecane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 mass %.
Dodecane (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures
Benzene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted,
Methylbenzene (Toluene) (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
trans-Decahydronaphthalene (Decalin) (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if
alkylated and blended naphthas.
inhaled.)
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded
Tetradecane (Warning—Harmful if inhaled.)
as the standard. Ethylbenzene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
1,2-Dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene) (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
inhaled.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Propylbenzene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene (Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
Pentamethylbenzene (Warning—Harmful if inhaled.)
tionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2 and Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
3. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chro-
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
matographic system containing a series of columns and switch-
Petroleum Products
ing valves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use
polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling
As Analytical Standards
(>200°C) paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction
not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates
olefins, if present, in this fraction, and then to a molecular sieve
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
column which performs a carbon number separation based on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
molecular structure, that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography.
fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. three separate fractions that are then separated on a non-polar
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5443 – 93 (1998)
column by boiling point. Eluting compounds are detected by a 6.2 Sample Introduction System—Manual or automatic liq-
flame ionization detector. uid sample system operated in a splitless mode. Although this
3.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined by test method is intended primarily for use with syringe sample
the multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionization injection, automatic sampling valves have also been found
detector response factors and normalization to 100 %. satisfactory. Devices capable of a reproducible injection vol-
ume of 0.1 to 0.5 μL are suitable. The sample introduction
4. Significance and Use
system must be capable of heating the sample to a temperature
4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refin-
that ensures total sample vaporization. A temperature range of
ery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.
120 to 180°C has been found suitable.
4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal
6.3 Electronic Data Acquisition System—The data acquisi-
mandate. This test method can be used to provide such
tion and integration device used for detection and integration
information.
must meet or exceed the following specifications:
6.3.1 Capacity for at least 75 peaks for each analysis,
5. Interferences
6.3.2 Normalized area percent calculation,
5.1 Chemicals of a non-hydrocarbon composition may elute
6.3.3 Noise and spike rejection capability,
within the hydrocarbon groups, depending on their polarity,
6.3.4 Sampling rates for fast (<2 s) peaks,
boiling point, and molecular size. Included in this group are
6.3.5 Peak width detection for narrow and broad peaks, and
ethers (for example, methyl-tertiary butyl ether) and alcohols
6.3.6 Perpendicular drop and tangent skimming as required.
(for example, ethanol).
6.4 Independent Temperature Control—This test method
requires the temperature control of five columns, column
6. Apparatus
switching valves and sample lines. The columns consist of
6.1 Chromatograph—A gas chromatograph capable of iso- 3
polar, non-polar, Tenax , platinum, and molecular sieve col-
thermal operation at 130 6 0.1°C. The gas chromatograph
umns. The specifications for these columns are listed in Table
must contain the following:
2. The polar column, non-polar column, column switching
6.1.1 A heated flash vaporization sample inlet system ca-
valves, and sample lines require isothermal operation at a
pable of operation in a splitless mode.
temperature equivalent to the temperature of the gas chromato-
6.1.2 Associated gas controls with adequate precision to
graph oven. These components may be located in the gas
provide reproducible flows and pressures. 3
chromatograph oven. The Tenax column, platinum column,
6.1.3 A flame ionization detection system optimized for use
and molecular sieve column require operation at temperatures
with packed columns and capable of the following:
other than the gas chromatograph oven temperature. These
Isothermal temperature operation 150 to 170°C
columns may be temperature controlled by any means that will
Sensitivity >0.015 coulombs/g
−12
meet the following specifications:
Minimum detectability 5 3 10 g carbon/second
Linearity >10 6.4.1 Ability to control the temperature of the Tenax
column within a range from 60 to 280°C, with a tolerance of
Some instruments will produce a non-linear response for
65°C at any point. The time required to heat this column
benzene, above approximately 5.5 mass %, and for toluene
between any two points must be no more than 1 min. The time
above approximately 15 mass %. The linearity of these
required to cool this column between any two points must be
components above these concentrations must be verified with
no more than 5 min,
appropriate blends. Where non-linearity has been shown to
6.4.2 Ability to control the temperature of the molecular
exist, samples, that contain no higher than C , can be analyzed
sieve column within a range from 100 and 490°C, with a
if the sample is diluted with n-C and the instrument is
equipped with a prefractionating column. The sample may also
be diluted with a component that is not present in the sample
and this component will then not be included in the normalized
Tenax is a registered trademark of AKZO, Velperiveg 76, P.O. Box 9300, 6800
report. SB Arnhem, The Netherlands.
TABLE 2 Typical Column Specifications
Column Type
Specification
3 A A
Polar Non-Polar Tenax Molsieve Platinum
Column length, m 3 4 0.16 to 0.18 1.8 0.002 to 0.06
Column inside diameter, mm 2.0 to 2.1 1.8 to 2.0 2.5 1.6 to 2.0 1.6
B B
Liquid phase OV-275 OV-101 . . .
Percent liquid phase 30 4–5 . . .
C C
Support material Chromasorb Chromasorb . . .
PAW WAW . . .
3 D,E
Packing material . . Tenax Molecular sieve 13X .
Mesh size 60/80 80/100 80/100 . .
A
Available from AC Analytical Controls, 3448 Progress Dr., Bensalem, PA 19020.
B
OV- 101 and OV-275 are registered trademarks of Ohio Valley Specialty Chemical Co., 115 Industry Rd., Marietta, OH 45750.
C
Chromasorb is a registered trademark of Manville Corp., Box 519, Lompoc, CA 93438.
D
Sodium form of molecular sieve 13X.
E
May also contain a mix of molecular sieves 13X and 5A to separate normal and iso-paraffins.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5443 – 93 (1998)
tolerance of 610°C at any point. The time required to heat this 7.5.3 Valves must be sized such that they offer little restric-
column between any two points must be no more than 10 min. tion to carrier gas flow under the analysis conditions defined in
The time required to cool this column from 450 to 100°C must this test method.
be no more than 15 min, and
7.5.4 Care must be taken to prevent the introduction of any
6.4.3 Ability to control the platinum column within a
form of foreign material or contaminant into the valve that may
temperature range of 170 and 350°C. During routine analysis,
adversely affect its performance.
this column is operated within a temperature range of 170 to
7.6 Hydrocarbon Test Mixture—A quantitative synthetic
220°C.
mixture of pure hydrocarbons, an example of which is identi-
fied in Table 1 is used to tune the instrument analysis
7. Materials
conditions and establish that the instrument is performing
7.1 Carrier Gases:
within specifications. Individual hydrocarbon components, in
7.1.1 Hydrogen, 99.999 % pure, <0.1 ppm H O.
2 addition to those listed in Table 1, may be used to aid in the
(Warning—See Note 1.)
analysis. The concentration level of each component in the
hydrocarbon test mixture is not critical as long as the concen-
NOTE 1—Warning: Extremely flammable gas under high pressure.
tration is accurately known. Percentage ranges from 1.0 to 6.0
7.1.2 Helium, 99.999 % pure, <0.1 ppm H O. (Warning—
mass % have been found suitable. Impurities in the individual
See Note 2.)
components may have an adverse effect on the quantitative
NOTE 2—Warning: Compressed gas under high pressure. aspect of the analysis. If an impurity is of the same carbon
number and basic molecular structure as the main component
7.2 Detector Gases:
itself, it will be correctly grouped and quantitated within the
7.2.1 Hydrogen, 99.99 % minimum purity. (Warning—See
group. As an example, isobutylcyclopentane and isopropylcy-
Note 1.)
clohexane will both be determined as C naphthenes. Each of
7.2.2 Air, less than 10 ppm each of total hydrocarbons and
the individual hydrocarbon components used for this test
water. (Warning—See Note 2.)
mixture must have a minimum purity level of 99 mol %. Refer
7.3 Valve Actuation Gas—This test method permits the use
to Practice D 4307 for instructions on the preparation of liquid
of any type of valve switching or valve actuation. When
blends for use as analytical standards.
pneumatic valves are used, air of any grade that will result in
7.7 Gas Flows and Pressures:
no water condensation or will not introduce oil or other
7.7.1 Carrier Gases:
contaminates in the switching valves may be used. Air from a
piston operated compressor equipped with a water and oil 7.7.1.1 The helium carrier gas through the injection port,
polar column, platinum column and molecular sieve column is
separator has been found suitable. Column switching valves
that do not require air to operate do not have this air flow controlled. Flow rates of 16 to 23 mL/min have been
found suitable. A helium supply pressure of 620 kDa (90 psi)
requirement.
7.4 Columns—Five columns, as described in Table 2. These has been found suitable to meet the helium flow requirement.
The helium carrier gas flow will be referred to as the A flow
column specifications are to be considered as guidelines and
have been found to be acceptable. Other materials or combi- within this test method.
nations of materials may also provide acceptable performance. 7.7.1.2 The helium carrier gas used as the make up gas
The suitability of each column is determined by test criteria as when the polar column is in stop flow is set to the same flow
defined in Section 8. rate as the helium carrier gas through the injection port.
7.7.1.3 The hydrogen carrier gas flow through the Tenax
NOTE 3—It is not the intention of this test method to include detailed
column and non-polar column is flow controlled. Flow rates of
column preparation steps. Columns may be prepared in any way t
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D189-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D445-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid.  
Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445 – 03.  
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.  
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6749-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.  
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.  
5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 °C or 3 °C intervals.  
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 when the 3 °C interval results are reported. However, when specification requires Test Method D97/IP 15, do not substitute this test method.
Note 2: Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 (in 3 °C intervals), the precision data were derived for the 3 °C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97/IP 15, see 13.3.1.  
5.5 This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D97/IP 15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program (see Section 13).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.  
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 °C to +51 °C; however, the range of temperatures included in the (1998) interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −51 °C to −11 °C.  
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 °C or 3 °C testing intervals.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
Note 1: The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1500-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic, since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases, the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual determination of the color of a wide variety of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, heating oils, diesel fuel oils, and petroleum waxes.  
Note 1: Test Method D156 is applicable to refined products that have an ASTM color lighter than 0.5.
Note 2: The color of some dyed products may extend outside color range defined by the glass reference standards employed in the testing procedure. Furthermore, samples used to determine the precision and bias did not include dyed products.
Note 3: It is up to the user to determine the suitability of this test method for their dyed products.  
1.2 This test method reports results specific to the test method and recorded as “ASTM Color.”  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6708-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to determine if a constant, proportional, or linear bias correction can improve the degree of agreement between two methods that purport to measure the same property of a material.  
5.2 The bias correction developed in this practice can be applied to a single result (X) obtained from one test method (method X) to obtain a predicted result ( Y^) for the other test method (method Y).
Note 5: Users are cautioned to ensure that  Y^ is within the scope of method Y before its use.  
5.3 The between methods reproducibility established by this practice can be used to construct an interval around  Y^ that would contain the result of test method Y, if it were conducted, with approximately 95 % probability.  
5.4 This practice can be used to guide commercial agreements and product disposition decisions involving test methods that have been evaluated relative to each other in accordance with this practice.  
5.5 The magnitude of a statistically detectable bias is directly related to the uncertainties of the statistics from the experimental study. These uncertainties are related to both the size of the data set and the precision of the processes being studied. A large data set, or, highly precise test method(s), or both, can reduce the uncertainties of experimental statistics to the point where the “statistically detectable” bias can become “trivially small,” or be considered of no practical consequence in the intended use of the test method under study. Therefore, users of this practice are advised to determine in advance as to the magnitude of bias correction below which they would consider it to be unnecessary, or, of no practical concern for the intended application prior to execution of this practice.
Note 6: It should be noted that the determination of this minimum bias of no practical concern is not a statistical decision, but rather, a subjective decision that is directly dependent on the application requirements of the users.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.
Note 1: Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.  
1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction, or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.  
1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the othe...

  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6300-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.  
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).  
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.  
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method.  
5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods. The use of this practice replaces that of Re...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.  
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.  
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    42 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    42 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    84 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    84 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D86-23ae1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.  
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.  
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.  
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

  • Standard
    31 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off