ASTM C1399/C1399M-10

Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a quantitative measure useful in the evaluation of the performance of fiber–reinforced concrete. It allows for comparative analysis among beams containing different fiber types, including materials, dimension and shape, and different fiber contents. Results can be used to optimize the proportions of fiber–reinforced concrete mixtures, to determine compliance with construction specifications, to evaluate fiber–reinforced concrete which has been in service, and as a tool for research and development of fiber–reinforced concrete (See Note 2).
Note 2—Banthia and Dubey compared results using this test method with residual strengths at the same net deflections using a test protocol that is similar to that described in Test Method C1609/C1609M on 45 beams with a single fiber configuration at proportions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 % by volume. The results by this test method were on average 6.4 % lower than by the procedure of Test Method C1609/C1609M.
Test results are intended to reflect either consistency or differences among variables used in proportioning the fiber–reinforced concrete to be tested, including fiber type (material), fiber size and shape, fiber amount, beam preparation (sawed or molded), and beam conditioning.
In molded beams fiber orientation near molded surfaces will be affected by the process of molding. For tests of fiber-reinforced concrete containing relatively rigid or stiff fibers of length greater than 35 mm [1.4 in.], the use of sawed beams cut from samples with an initial width and depth of at least 3 times the length of the fiber is required to minimize effects of fiber orientation. When sawed beams are employed, and to avoid the effects of fiber orientation, care shall be applied to ensure that the flexural tensile surface of the beam is a sawed surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual strength of a fiber–reinforced concrete test beam. The average residual strength is computed using specified beam deflections that are obtained from a beam that has been cracked in a standard manner. The test provides data needed to obtain that portion of the load–deflection curve beyond which a significant amount of cracking damage has occurred and it provides a measure of post–cracking strength, as such strength is affected by the use of fiber–reinforcement.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.42 - Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1399-07a - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM C1399/C1399M-10(2015) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C1812/C1812M-22 - Standard Practice for Design of Journal Bearing Supports to be Used in Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1399/C1399M −10
StandardTest Method for
Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1399/C1399M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Specimens in the Laboratory
C823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened
1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual
Concrete in Constructions
strength of a fiber–reinforced concrete test beam. The average
C1609/C1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance of
residual strength is computed using specified beam deflections
Fiber-ReinforcedConcrete(UsingBeamWithThird-Point
that are obtained from a beam that has been cracked in a
Loading)
standard manner. The test provides data needed to obtain that
portionoftheload–deflectioncurvebeyondwhichasignificant
3. Terminology
amount of cracking damage has occurred and it provides a
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
measure of post–cracking strength, as such strength is affected
by the use of fiber–reinforcement. 3.1.1 deflection—mid–span deflection of the test beam ob-
tained in a manner that excludes deflection caused by the
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
following: (1) the flexural test apparatus, (2) crushing and
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
seating of the beam at support contact points, and (3) torsion of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the beam; sometimes termed net deflection.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.2 initial loading curve—the load–deflection curve ob-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
tained by testing an assembly that includes both the test beam
with the standard.
and a specified steel plate (Fig. 1); plotted to a deflection of at
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
least 0.20 mm [0.008 in.] (Fig. 2).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 reloading curve—the load–deflection curve obtained
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by reloading and retesting the pre-cracked beam, that is, after
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the initial loading but without the steel plate. (Fig. 2)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 reloading deflection—deflection measured during the
2. Referenced Documents
reloading of the cracked beam and with zero deflection
2
referenced to the start of the reloading.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
3.1.5 residual strength—the flexural stress on the cracked
Specimens in the Field
beam section obtained by calculation using loads obtained
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
from the reloading curve at specified deflection values (See
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
Note 1).
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
NOTE 1—Residual strength is not a true stress but an engineering stress
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
computed using the flexure formula for linear elastic materials and gross
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
(uncracked) section properties.
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
3.1.6 average residual strength—the average stress–carry-
ing ability of the cracked beam that is obtained by calculation
using the residual strength at four specified deflections.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
4.1 Cast or sawed beams of fiber–reinforced concrete are
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1399–07a. DOI:
10.1520/C1399_C1399M-10.
cracked using the third–point loading apparatus specified in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Test Method C78 modified by a steel plate used to assist in
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
support of the concrete beam during an initial loading cycle
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (Fig. 1). The steel plate is used to help control the rate of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1399–07a Designation: C1399/C1399M – 10
Standard Test Method for
Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1399/C1399M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofresidualstrengthofafiber–reinforcedconcretetestbeam.Theaverageresidual
strength is computed using specified beam deflections that are obtained from a beam that has been cracked in a standard manner.
The test provides data needed to obtain that portion of the load–deflection curve beyond which a significant amount of cracking
damage has occurred and it provides a measure of post–cracking strength, as such strength is affected by the use of
fiber–reinforcement.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Constructions
C1609/C1609M Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 deflection—mid–span deflection of the test beam obtained in a manner that excludes deflection caused by the following:
(1) the flexural test apparatus, (2) crushing and seating of the beam at support contact points, and (3) torsion of the beam;
sometimes termed net deflection.
3.1.2 initial loading curve—the load–deflection curve obtained by testing an assembly that includes both the test beam and a
specified steel plate (Fig. 1); plotted to a deflection of at least 0.250.20 mm (0.010 in.)[0.008 in.] (Fig. 32).
3.1.3 reloading curve—the load–deflection curve obtained by reloading and retesting the pre-cracked beam, that is, after the
initial loading but without the steel plate. (Fig. 3Fig. 2)
3.1.4 reloading deflection—deflection measured during the reloading of the cracked beam and with zero deflection referenced
to the start of the reloading.
3.1.5 residual strength—the flexural stress on the cracked beam section obtained by calculation using loads obtained from the
reloading curve at specified deflection values (See Note 1).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.42 on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
Current edition approved Aug.Jan. 1, 2007.2010. Published September 2007.February 2010. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
C1399–07a. DOI: 10.1520/C1399-07A.10.1520/C1399_C1399M-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1399/C1399M – 10
FIG. 1 Schematic of a Suitable Apparatus Where the Deflection Gauge Support Frame is Seated on the Beam
NOTE 1—Residual strength is not a true stress but an en
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