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ASTM A781/A781M-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless covered by the individual product specification in another ASTM document, applies to steel and alloy castings for use in general industrial applications. Materials shall be produced by open-hearth or electric furnace process with or without separate refining, such as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), and then consequently heat treated in the working zone. Castings shall receive heat and product analysis to evaluate their conformance to chemical composition requirements. Mechanical requirements shall also be assessed. The surfaces of castings shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, hot tears, and other surface discontinuities. Repair welding may be performed as required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting specifications issued by ASTM. If the product specification specifies different requirements, the product specification shall prevail.    
ASTM
Designation  
Title of Specification  
A27/A27M  
Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application  
A128/A128M  
Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese  
A148/A148M  
Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes  
A297/A297M  
Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application  
A447/A447M  
Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service  
A494/A494M  
Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy  
A560/A560M  
Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy  
A743/A743M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application  
A744/A744M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service  
A747/A747M  
Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening  
A890/A890M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application    
A915/A915M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades  
A958/A958M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similiar to Standard Wrought Grades  
A1002  
Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2021
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM A27/A27M-20 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A800/A800M-20 - Standard Practice for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A148/A148M-20 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A148/A148M-20e1 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM A1002-16(2020) - Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
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REDLINE ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseREDLINE ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A781/A781M −21
Standard Specification for
Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for
1
General Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA781/A781M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
specifications issued by ASTM. If the product specification
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
specifies different requirements, the product specification shall
with the standard.
prevail.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ASTM
Designation Title of Specification dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
A27/A27M Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A128/A128M Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
A148/A148M Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Pur-
poses
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
A297/A297M Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
2. Referenced Documents
A447/A447M Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy
(25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A494/A494M Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A560/A560M Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
A743/A743M Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
General Application
Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
A128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic
A744/A744M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion
Resistant, for Severe Service
Manganese
A747/A747M Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Harden-
A148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, High
ing
Strength, for Structural Purposes
A890/A890M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum
Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic)
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-
for General Application
Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,
A915/A915M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Re-
for General Application
quirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades
A958/A958M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similiar
of Steel Products
to Standard Wrought Grades
A1002 Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passi-
vation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary
A447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-
requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as
Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature
indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional
Service
testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-
individually by the purchaser in the order.
cations of Procedures and Personnel
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specifica-
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel
tion and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence
Alloy
named.
A560/A560M Specification for Castings, Chromium-Nickel
Alloy
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.18 on Castings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A781/A781M – 20a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0781_A0781M-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A781/A781M − 20a A781/A781M − 21
Standard Specification for
Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for
1
General Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A781/A781M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting specifications
issued by ASTM. If the product specification specifies different requirements, the product specification shall prevail.
ASTM
Designation Title of Specification
A27/A27M Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A128/A128M Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
A148/A148M Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Pur-
poses
A297/A297M Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-
Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
A447/A447M Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy
(25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
A494/A494M Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A560/A560M Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy
A743/A743M Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
A744/A744M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion
Resistant, for Severe Service
A747/A747M Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Harden-
ing
A890/A890M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum
Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic)
for General Application
A915/A915M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Re-
quirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades
A958/A958M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile
Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similiar
to Standard Wrought Grades
A1002 Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as
indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020May 1, 2021. Published November 2020May 2021. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
A781/A781M – 20.A781/A781M – 20a. DOI: 10.1520/A0781_A0781M-20A.10.1520/A0781_A0781M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A781/A781M − 21
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
A148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
A447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A560/A560M Specification for Castings,
...

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ASTM A747/A747M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A356/A356M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylindrical (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process. Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades shall be by manganese and silicon. The castings shall be heat treated in either the normalized, tempered, or stress-relieved conditions. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be determined by subjecting the specimens to a tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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