ASTM F3256-17

Standard Guide for Reporting and Recording of Near-Misses for Maritime Industry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The objective of this guide is to provide near-miss reporting guidance for maritime vessels to promote standardization of near-miss reporting which will allow for better use of the data industrywide.  
3.2 Importance of Near-Miss Reporting:  
3.2.1 Most accidents/incidents are preceded by a chain of events, circumstances, acts, or conditions. If any of these events, circumstances, acts, or conditions had transpired another way, at another time, or had been corrected, the accident/incident may have been avoided. Reporting near-misses can play an important role in learning from mistakes, preventing accidents, and suffering from their serious consequences.  
3.3 Near-miss reporting can provide information that can be used to improve most any safety system, often complementing other safety system components such as accident/incident investigations, hazard analyses, safety reporting, prioritizing, root cause analysis, solution identification, communication, identifying corrective actions, sharing lessons learned, leading safety indicator analyses, and safety culture enhancement. In addition, in terms of human life and property damage, near-misses are very low cost learning tools for training, prevention of re-occurrence, and a new data source on what may work to break the chain of events before an accident occurs. Finally, near-misses may provide key data that can prevent low probability-high consequence accidents by providing safer alternatives.  
3.4 Barriers to Near-Miss Reporting:  
3.4.1 It is generally agreed that effective near-miss reporting can reduce hazardous conditions and situations in the workplace, resulting in a reduction in accidents, or at least provide an opportunity for hazard identification and abatement. However, there remain significant challenges and obstacles to implementing near-miss recording/reporting systems. The barriers to near-miss recording/reporting can be related to the employees and management as well as outside influences. ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides near-miss reporting criteria and terminology for maritime vessels.  
1.2 The purpose of this near-miss reporting guide is to standardize near-miss reporting, including terminology, for the maritime industry.  
1.3 The criteria contained within this guide should be applied as a minimum to all near-miss reporting in the maritime industry unless otherwise specified.  
1.4 This guide is divided into the following sections and appendixes:    
Table of Contents  
Sections and Subsections  
Title  
1  
Scope  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Near-Miss Standardization  
5  
Procedure  
6  
Keywords  
Appendix X1  
Probability, Severity, and Risk Assessment  
Appendix X2  
Sample Near-Miss Reporting Form  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2017
• ICS: 47.020.01 - General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3256 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Reporting and Recording of Near-Misses for Maritime
1
Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope fatality, property loss, environmental impact, business loss,
etc., or a combination of these.
1.1 This guide provides near-miss reporting criteria and
terminology for maritime vessels.
2.1.2 activity/task, n—an action or job that was being
performed during the time of the near-miss, unsafe act/
1.2 The purpose of this near-miss reporting guide is to
behavior, or hazardous/unsafe condition.
standardize near-miss reporting, including terminology, for the
maritime industry.
2.1.3 causal factor, n—a structural/machinery/equipment/
outfitting problem, human factors, or external factors that
1.3 The criteria contained within this guide should be
contributed to an incident, allowed an incident to occur, or
applied as a minimum to all near-miss reporting in the
allowed the consequences of the incident to be worse than they
maritime industry unless otherwise specified.
might have been.
1.4 This guide is divided into the following sections and
2.1.4 consequences, n—the undesirable or unexpected out-
appendixes:
comes that may result in negative effects for an organization.
Table of Contents
These outcomes can range from minor injuries to major events
Sections and Title
Subsections
involving loss of life, extensive property loss, environmental
1 Scope
damage, and breaches related to security.
2 Terminology
3 Significance and Use
2.1.5 corrective actions, n—improvements to an organiza-
4 Near-Miss Standardization
tion’s processes taken to eliminate causes of hazards, non-
5 Procedure
6 Keywords
conformities, or other undesirable situations.
Appendix X1 Probability, Severity, and Risk Assessment
Appendix X2 Sample Near-Miss Reporting Form
2.1.6 event, n—a happening caused by humans, automati-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the cally operating equipment/components, external events or the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the result of a natural phenomenon.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.1.6.1 Discussion—Eventdescriptionstypicallyincludeac-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tion verbs such as walked, turned, opened, said, radioed,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
discovered, decided, saw, etc. If negative (an error, failure or
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
external factor), then the event may also be a causal factor,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
intermediate cause, or root cause.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.1.7 external factors, n—issues outside the control of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
organization. Examples include uncharted/unknown hazards to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
navigation, some sea or weather conditions, suicides or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
homicides, and external events.
2. Terminology
2.1.8 hazard, n—a condition with the potential to cause
injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
equipment or property; or voyage/activity/task degradation.
2.1.1 accident, n—an incident with unexpected or undesir-
able consequences that may be related to personnel injury or
2.1.9 hazardous/unsafe condition, n—any condition that
may adversely affect the safety of any seafarer, equipment,
vessel, bridge, structure, or shore area or the environmental
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
quality of any port, harbor, or navigable waterway.
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
2.1.10 human errors, n—performance of humans that devi-
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
F3256-17. ates from the desired performance.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3256 − 17
2.1.11 incident, n—an unplanned sequence of events or of an incident. Organizational culture issues, which are deeper
conditions, or both, that results in, or could have reasonably than root causes, could also be identified and addressed.
resulted in, a loss event.
2.1.25 root cause analy
...