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ASTM E1858-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry and is applicable to hydrocarbons that oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.
1.2 Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.
Note 1--Since all electronic data treatments are not equivalent, the user shall verify equivalency to this method.
1.3 Test Method A--A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure, for example, about 100 kPa of oxygen.
1.4 Test Method B-- A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.
1.5 SI values are the standard.
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11357-6 but is different in technical content.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 2 and Note 13.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2000
ICS
71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1858-97 - Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calirometry
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Replaced By
ASTM E1858-03 - Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2744-21 - Standard Test Method for Pressure Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Referred By
ASTM E1860-23 - Standard Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Referred By
ASTM E2070-13(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Using Isothermal Methods
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Referred By
ASTM E2009-23 - Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Referred By
ASTM E2046-19 - Standard Test Method for Reaction Induction Time by Thermal Analysis
Effective Date
10-May-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5483-21 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Greases by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Effective Date
10-May-2000

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ASTM E1858-00 - Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning CalorimetryASTM E1858-00 - Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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ASTM E1858-00 - Standard Test Method for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1858 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope munications Wire and Cable
D 5482 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lu-
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
bricating Greases by Pressure Differential Scanning Calo-
the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scan-
5
rimetry
ning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry
D 5885 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-
and is applicable to hydrocarbons that oxidize exothermically
olefin Geosynthics By High Pressure Differential Scanning
in their analyzed form.
6
Calorimetry
1.2 Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques
D 6186 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lu-
or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be
bricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorim-
used.
etry (PDSC) Polyolefin Geosynthics By High Pressure
NOTE 1—Since all electronic data treatments are not equivalent, the 7
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
user shall verify equivalency to this method.
8
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
1.3 Test Method A— A differential scanning calorimeter
E 691 Practice for Conducting and Interlaboratory Study To
8
(DSC) is used at ambient pressure, for example, about 100 kPa
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
of oxygen.
E 967 Practice for Temperature Calibration of Differential
8
1.4 Test Method B— A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high
Scanning Calorimeters
pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.5 SI values are the standard.
ISO 11357–6 Plastice-Differential Scanning Calorimetry
9
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11357–6 but is
(DSC) — Part 6: Oxidation Induction Time
different in technical content.
3. Terminology
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
given in Terminology E 473.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4. Summary of Test Method
tionary statements are given in Note 6 and Note 13.
4.1 The test specimen in an aluminum pan and the reference
2. Referenced Documents
aluminum pan are heated to a specified constant test tempera-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ture in an oxygen environment. Heat flow out of the specimen
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastic Pipe and
is monitored at an isothermal temperature until the oxidative
2
Fitting Materials
reaction is manifested by heat evolution on the thermal curve.
D 3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
The oxidative induction time (OIT), a relative measure of
3
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
oxidative stability at the test temperature, is determined from
D 4565 Test Method for Physical Environmental Perfor-
data recorded during the isothermal test. The OIT measurement
mance Properties of Insulations and Jackets for Telecom-
is initiated upon reaching the isothermal test temperature.
4.2 For some particularly stable materials, the OIT may be
quite long (> 120 min) at the specified elevated temperatures of
1
This test method is under the direct jurisdiction of Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Test
4
Methods and Recommended Practices. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
5
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
6
published as E 1858–97. Last previous edition E 1858–97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,, Vol 04.09.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
9
Available from ANSI, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1858
the experiment. Under these circumstances, the OIT may be of at
...

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Standard Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

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5.1 Oxidative induction time is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at the isothermal temperature of the test. The presence, quantity or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by this method. The OIT values thus obtained may be compared from one hydrocarbon to another or to a reference material to obtain relative oxidative stability information.  
5.2 Typical uses include the oxidative stability of edible oils and fats (oxidative rancidity), lubricants, greases, and polyolefins.
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1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry and is applicable to hydrocarbons that oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.  
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1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Imperial units are provided for user convenience and are not the standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.  
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.  
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.  
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.  
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:  
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4.1 The coulometric technique is especially suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids that would yield small titers by the Karl Fischer volumetric procedure. The precision and accuracy of the coulometric technique decreases for concentrations of water much greater than 2.0 % because of the difficulty in measuring the small size of sample required. The test method assumes 100 % efficiency of coulombs in iodine production. Provision is made for verifying this efficiency. (See Table 1 and Note 5.)
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 % to 2.0 % mass in most liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure. Use of this test method is not applicable for liquefied gas products such as Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Butane, Propane, Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), etc.  
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4.1 Water-insoluble materials present in a solvent expected to be completely water miscible may interfere with many uses of the solvent. This test method provides a measure of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with a polar medium-water. It also provides a qualitative indication of the presence or absence of water-immiscible contaminants.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with water. While written specifically for testing acetone, isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), and methyl alcohol (methanol), the method is suitable for testing most water-soluble solvents.  
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5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.  
Note 1: Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Note 2: After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2.  
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
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5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).
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1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.  
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1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for process control during the manufacture of organic chemicals described in Section 1, for setting specifications, for development and research work, and to determine if contamination was introduced during shipment.
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1.1 This test method covers a general procedure for determining the solidification point of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and solidification points between 4 °C and 41 °C.
Note 1: Other test methods for determining freeze point and solidification point of aromatic hydrocarbons include Test Methods D852, D1015, D1016, D3799, D4493, and D6269.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to relatively pure compounds only. Solidification point depression is dependent on impurity concentrations.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with applicable specifications using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the “rounding-off method” of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8, Hazards.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals

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1.1 This standard covers terminology relating to industrial and specialty chemicals. It is intended to provide an understanding of terms commonly used in test methods, practices, and specifications throughout the industry.  
Note 1: The boldface numbers following each definition refer to E15 standards in which the definition appears. Lightface numbers refer to the E15 subcommittee having jurisdiction.  
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Standard Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidative induction time is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at the isothermal temperature of the test. The presence, quantity or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by this method. The OIT values thus obtained may be compared from one hydrocarbon to another or to a reference material to obtain relative oxidative stability information.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry and is applicable to hydrocarbons that oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.  
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure, for example, about 100 kPa of oxygen.  
1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Imperial units are provided for user convenience and are not the standard.  
1.5 These test methods are related to ISO 11357–6 but is different in technical content. These test methods are related to CEC L-85–T but includes additional experimental conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.4 and 12.10.  
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