ASTM C604-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C 135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Method C 135, Test Method C 128, and Test Method C 188 for determining true specific gravity.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 604 – 02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-
Comparison Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope assumed to be equal in volume, and there is no sample in either
cylinder. Under these conditions, with the coupling valve
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true
closed, any change in the position of one piston must be
specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for
duplicated by an identical stroke in the other in order to
materialsthateasilyhydratewhicharenotsuitablefortestwith
maintain the same pressure on each side of the differential
Test Method C 135. This test method may be used as an
pressure indicator.
alternate for Test Method C 135, Test Method C 128, and Test
3.3 If a sample, V , is inserted into chamber B, the coupling
x
Method C 188 for determining true specific gravity.
valve closed and both pistons advanced the same amount from
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
position1 to position2, the pressures will not remain the same.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
However the pressures can be maintained equal if piston B
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
instead is moved only to position 3. Then the remaining
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
displacement d , from position 3 to position 2, is equal to the
x
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
volume of the sample, V . If piston A always is advanced
x
2. Referenced Documents exactly the same distance each time a measurement is made,
the distance that piston B differs from position 2, when the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressures in both cylinders are equal, will always be propor-
C 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
tional to the volume, V . The distance (d ) between positions 2
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate x x
and 3 can be calibrated and made to read directly in terms of
C 135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
cubic centimetres, employing a digital counter.
Materials by Water Immersion
C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
4. Significance and Use
3. Summary of Test Method 4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
3.1 The sample is powdered to ensure permeation of gas
density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,
into all pores. For practical purposes this is assumed to be true
the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property
when the sample passes a No. 325 (45-µm) sieve. The volume
which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
of a carefully weighed powdered sample which has first been
4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable
heated to drive off moisture and undesired combined water is
materials which are not suitable for test with Test Method
measured by the gas-comparison pycnometer. Density is cal-
C 135.
culated from the sample weight in grams divided by its volume
4.3 For refractory raw materials and products the true
in cubic centimetres. This is also the specific gravity of the
specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting
sample at room temperature compared to water at 4°C.
differences in chemical composition between supposedly like
3.2 The principle of the gas-comparison pycnometer is as
samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,
follows: There are two chambers and two pistons as sketched
calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and
in Fig. 1. For purposes of illustration, the chambers are
for any other test method that requires this value for the
calculation of results.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research
Properties.
and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 604 – 02.
purchasing contracts or agreements.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
are the following:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 604 – 02 (2007)
FIG. 1 Simplified Schematic Diagram
4.5.1 Thesampleisrepresentativeofthematerialingeneral, 5.6 Gas-Comparison Pycnometer, equipped with external
purge manifold.
4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size
specified,
6. Sample Preparation
4.5.3 Nocontaminationhasbeenintroducedduringprocess-
6.1 Grind a sufficient representative sample for three deter-
ing of the sample,
minations to pass a No. 325 (45-µm) sieve. With the Beckman
4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or
instrument the quantity needed is approximately 150 cm .
combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,
6.2 After grinding, ignite the total sample at a temperature
4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and
sufficient to drive off free moisture and any undesired com-
4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous
bined water, organic matter, etc., without inducing sintering of
manner.
the powder. In the case of refractory materials that hydrate, the
4.5.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the
ignition temperature is a minimum of 600°C for 3 h.
usefulness of the result
...
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