ASTM C135-96(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method which requires this value for the calculation of results.
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.
3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:
3.4.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of the sample,
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic material introduced during processing of the sample has been removed,
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water, and
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size does not guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or even between samples of the same or like materials, and the specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified for Test Method C604. The values generated by this ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed conditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for weights and volumes is only available in SI units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C135 −96 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
1.1 This test method covers the determination of true
true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed con-
density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,
ditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting
information only and are not considered standard.
differences in chemical composition between supposedly like
1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for
samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,
weights and volumes is only available in SI units.
calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for any other test method which requires this value for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
calculation of results.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
purchasing contracts or agreements.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- are the following:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.4.1 Thesampleisrepresentativeofthematerialingeneral,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size
specified,
2. Referenced Documents
3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of
the sample,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
material introduced during processing of the sample has been
Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
removed,
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water,
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
and
Sieves
3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous
manner.
3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 on
usefulness of the results.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally
recognized that the specified sample particle size does not
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C135 – 96 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/C0135-96R22.
guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
even between samples of the same or like materials, and the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C135−96 (2022)
for Test Method C604. The values generated by this test Recordtheweightasp.Fillthepycnometerwithdistilledwater
method may, therefore, be close approximations rather than at room temperature, t, which should be between 60 and 75 °F
accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, com- (16 and 24 °C) and should not vary more than 0.5 °F (0.3 °C)
parisons of results should only be judiciously made between duringthetest,andagainweigh,recordingtheweightasW .In
likematerialstestedbythistestmethodorwithfullrecognition filling the pycnometer, there should be an overflow of water
of potentially inherent differences between the materials being through the capillary when the thermometer (stopper) is
compared or the test method
...
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