ASTM E3199-22a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Alternative Allocation Approaches to Modeling Input and Output Flows of Secondary Materials and Related Recycling Scenarios in Life Cycle Assessment
Standard Guide for Alternative Allocation Approaches to Modeling Input and Output Flows of Secondary Materials and Related Recycling Scenarios in Life Cycle Assessment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 LCAs can help to identify some of the potential environmental impacts of products or services throughout the entire life cycle. In a life cycle inventory analysis, emissions into the air; discharges into the water and soil; and product, material, and energy flows at all stages of a product’s life cycle are compiled and quantified. The resulting life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) converts the quantified parameters into environmental impact categories.
4.2 Options for managing products at their end of life (EOL) can include, but are not limited to, re-using, recycling, recovering, remanufacturing, converting to energy, incinerating, composting, combustion, digestion/respiration, or discarding as waste. Materials enter subsequent life cycle(s), either in the same or in other applications, reducing the input of primary raw material and impacting the amount of waste. LCA will be required to determine if environmental impact reductions are expected to be realized and to what extent for each specific application. The end-of-life management can impact the overall life cycle assessment.
4.3 The application of an allocation method for recycling in life cycle assessments is useful in assessing potential environmental impacts, which may be either beneficial or adverse.
4.4 As part of good LCA practice, practitioners should consider recycling in the sensitivity analysis.
4.5 LCA practitioners are expected to ensure consistency and conformance with the relevant provisions of ISO standards.
4.6 Allocation for recycling can split the flows and impacts between two different product systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide illustrates alternative allocation approaches that provide options for modeling secondary material flows and related recycling scenarios within a life cycle assessment (LCA) study. It helps practitioners characterize and understand materials recycling across industries; provides the available methodologies for consideration of the environmental impacts that are attributed to material and product flows in LCA; aids in assessment of the overall life cycle of systems and understanding of materials; and supports life cycle management.
1.2 The guide is not intended to contradict or circumvent the LCA provisions of ISO 14025, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14067, ISO/TR 14049, or ISO 21930. When conflicts arise related to LCA, the guidance of those ISO standards takes precedence.
1.3 The following seven material-specific appendixes are included:
Title
Appendix
Recycling of Copper
Appendix X1
Recycling of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum
Appendix X2
Recycling of Glass
Appendix X3
Recycling of Plastics
Appendix X4
Recycling of Post-consumer (PC) Gypsum
Appendix X5
Recycling of Stainless Steel
Appendix X6
Recycling of Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Appendix X7
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3199 − 22a
Standard Guide for
Alternative Allocation Approaches to Modeling Input and
Output Flows of Secondary Materials and Related Recycling
1
Scenarios in Life Cycle Assessment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide illustrates alternative allocation approaches
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
thatprovideoptionsformodelingsecondarymaterialflowsand
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
related recycling scenarios within a life cycle assessment
(LCA) study. It helps practitioners characterize and understand
2. Referenced Documents
materials recycling across industries; provides the available
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
methodologies for consideration of the environmental impacts
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
that are attributed to material and product flows in LCA; aids
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
in assessment of the overall life cycle of systems and under-
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
standing of materials; and supports life cycle management.
mance of Buildings
1.2 Theguideisnotintendedtocontradictorcircumventthe 3
2.2 ISO Standards:
LCA provisions of ISO 14025, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO
ISO14001 Environmentalmanagementsystems—Require-
14067, ISO/TR 14049, or ISO 21930. When conflicts arise
ments with guidance for use
related to LCA, the guidance of those ISO standards takes
ISO 14025 Environmental labels and declarations — Type
precedence.
III environmental declarations — Principles and proce-
1.3 The following seven material-specific appendixes are
dures
included: ISO 14040 Environmental management — Life cycle as-
sessment — Principles and framework
Title Appendix
Recycling of Copper Appendix X1
ISO 14044 Environmental management — Life cycle as-
Recycling of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum Appendix X2
sessment — Requirements and guidelines
Recycling of Glass Appendix X3
ISO/TR 14049 Environmental management — Life cycle
Recycling of Plastics Appendix X4
Recycling of Post-consumer (PC) Gypsum Appendix X5
assessment — Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO
Recycling of Stainless Steel Appendix X6
14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
Recycling of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Appendix X7
ISO 14067 Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of prod-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ucts — Requirements and guidelines for quantification
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
ISO 15270 Plastics — Guidelines for the recovery and
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
recycling of plastics waste
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 21930 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
works — Core rules for environmental product declara-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tions of construction products and services
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsofgeneraltermsusedinthis
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
guide, refer to Terminology E2114. For general terminology
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.80 on General Sustainability contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2022. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E3199–22. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E3199-22A. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3199 − 22 E3199 − 22a
Standard Guide for
Alternative Allocation Approaches to Modeling Input and
Output Flows of Secondary Materials and Related Recycling
1
Scenarios in Life Cycle Assessment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide illustrates alternative allocation approaches that provide options for modeling secondary material flows and related
recycling scenarios within a life cycle assessment (LCA) study. It helps practitioners characterize and understand materials
recycling across industries; provides the available methodologies for consideration of the environmental impacts that are attributed
to material and product flows in LCA; aids in assessment of the overall life cycle of systems and understanding of materials; and
supports life cycle management.
1.2 The guide is not intended to contradict or circumvent the LCA provisions of ISO 14025, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14067,
ISO/TR 14049, or ISO 21930. When conflicts arise related to LCA, the guidance of those ISO standards takes precedence.
1.3 The following seven material-specific appendixes are included:
Title Appendix
Recycling of Copper Appendix X1
Recycling of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum Appendix X2
Recycling of Glass Appendix X3
Recycling of Plastics Appendix X4
Recycling of Post-consumer (PC) Gypsum Appendix X5
Recycling of Stainless Steel Appendix X6
Recycling of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Appendix X7
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.80 on General Sustainability
Standards.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022Oct. 1, 2022. Published June 2022October 2022. Originally approved in 2022. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E3199–22.
DOI: 10.1520/E3199-22.10.1520/E3199-22A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3199 − 22a
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 14001 Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 14025 Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures
ISO 14040 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14044 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO/TR 14049 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to
goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
ISO 14067 Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification
ISO 15270 Plastics — Guidelines for the recovery and recycling of plastics waste
ISO 21930 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product declarations of
construction products and services
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology E2114. For general terminology related
to life cycle assessment, refer to ISO 14040.
3.1.1 post-consumer, n—descriptive term covering material, generated by the end-users of products, that has fulfilled its intended
pu
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.