ASTM C204-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: test method A is the reference test method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while test method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder, constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding metal, and shall fit the inside of the cell snugly. The plunger shall be constructed of austenitic stainless steel and shall fit into the cell. The filter paper disks shall be circular, with smooth edges, and shall have the same diameter as the inside of the cell. The U-tube manometer shall be constructed according to the design indicated. The manometer shall be filled to the midpoint line with a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density. The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping mechanism. The calibration of the air permeability apparatus shall be made using the standard reference material. The automated test method shall employ apparatus designed either on the principles of the Blaine air-permeability method or apparatus based on the air-permeability principles of the Lea and Nurse method. When the specific surface values determined by an automated apparatus are to be used for acceptance or rejection of cement, the method used shall comply with the qualification requirements. When standardization is required in order to achieve agreement between test method A and test method B, the apparatus shall be standardized according to the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. Although the test method may be, and has been, used for the determination of the measures of fineness of various other materials, it should be understood that, in general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are obtained.
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in determining its suitability with regard to fineness measurements of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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American Association State
Designation: C204 – 07 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T 153
Standard Test Methods for
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability
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Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
2.2 Other Document:
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of
No. 114 National Institute of Standards and Technology
hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus,
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Standard Reference Material
in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area
BS 4359: 1971 British Standard Method for the Determina-
in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram,
tion of Specific Surface of Powders: Part 2: Air Perme-
of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the
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ability Methods
Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard
Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of
TEST METHOD A: REFERENCE METHOD
automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualifica-
tion requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable
3. Apparatus
performance. Although the test method may be, and has been,
3.1 Nature of Apparatus—The Blaine air-permeability ap-
used for the determination of the measures of fineness of
paratus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite
various other materials, it should be understood that, in
quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite
general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are
porosity.The number and size of the pores in a prepared bed of
obtained.
definite porosity is a function of the size of the particles and
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland
determines the rate of airflow through the bed. The apparatus,
cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in
illustrated in Fig. 1, shall consist specifically of the parts
determining its suitability with regard to fineness measure-
described in 3.2-3.8.
ments of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from
3.2 Permeability Cell—The permeability cell shall consist
those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114.
of a rigid cylinder 12.70 6 0.10 mm in inside diameter,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The interior of the cell
standard.
shallhaveafinishof0.81µm(32µin.).Thetopofthecellshall
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be at right angles to the principal axis of the cell. The lower
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
portion of the cell must be able to form an airtight fit with the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
upper end of the manometer, so that there is no air leakage
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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between the contacting surfaces. A ledge ⁄2 to 1 mm in width
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shall be an integral part of the cell or be firmly fixed in the cell
55 6 10 mm from the top of the cell for support of the
2. Referenced Documents
perforated metal disk. The top of the permeability cell shall be
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
fitted with a protruding collar to facilitate the removal of the
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
cell from the manometer.
Steel Bars
NOTE 1—Specification A582/A582M Type 303 stainless steel (UNS
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
designation S30300) has been found to be suitable for the construction of
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
the permeability cell and the plunger.
3.3 Disk—The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding
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metal and shall be 0.9 6 0.1 mm in thickness, perforated with
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness. 30 to 40 holes 1 mm in diameter equally distributed over its
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C204 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C0204-07.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
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