ASTM C778-13

Standard Specification for Standard Sand

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements. Sand shall meet the requirements with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air entraining characteristics. Sieve analysis shall be performed by sieving the sand by hand or mechanically as prescribed. Results of the sieve analysis shall be reported as total percentage passing each sieve. Small amounts of some surfactants or other contaminants will produce air voids in mortars with 20-30 sand, graded sands or both. Tests for air-entraining potential of standard sand shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.95 - Coordination of Standards

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C778-12 - Standard Specification for Standard Sand
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C807-21 - Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Mortar by Modified Vicat Needle
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C596-18 - Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1707-18 - Standard Specification for Pozzolanic Hydraulic Lime for Structural Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C884/C884M-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Between Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C109/C109M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1073-18 - Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Activity of Slag Cement by Reaction with Alkali
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1810/C1810M-22 - Standard Guide for Comparing Performance of Concrete-Making Materials Using Mortar Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1708/C1708M-19 - Standard Test Methods for Self-leveling Mortars Containing Hydraulic Cements
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C418-20 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D3319-11(2017) - Standard Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E518/E518M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Bond Strength of Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C932-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Surface-Applied Bonding Compounds for Exterior Plastering
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1328/C1328M-23 - Standard Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1038/C1038M-19 - Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C778 −13
Standard Specification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Testing of Hydraulic Cements
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the
Sieves
testing of hydraulic cements.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in 3. Terminology
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10,of
3.1.1 20–30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
measurements made in other units.
to pass a 850-µm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-µm
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(No. 30) sieve.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between the 600-µm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-µm (No. 100)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sieve.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost en-
2. Referenced Documents
tirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: for preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube 4. Requirements
Specimens)
4.1 SandshallmeettherequirementsofTable1withrespect
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
entraining characteristics.
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
STANDARD SANDS
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
5. Apparatus
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.)
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the
Size
requirements of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical 1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-µm (No. 40)
850-µm (No. 20) 300-µm (No. 50)
600-µm (No. 30) 150-µm (No. 100)
75-µm (No. 200)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of
5.2 Sample Splitter—The sample splitter, receptacles, and
Standards.
feeder pan or hopper shall conform to the general design
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
requirements listed in MethodA, apparatus section of Practice
in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C778 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/
C0778-13.
C702, except that the device shall have no fewer than eight
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
chutes having a maximum opening no greater than 13 mm, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
a minimum opening at least three times the diameter of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. largest particle of sand in a sample to be split.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C778−13
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
for a test. Prepare two batches of each of “washed” and “as
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand received” sand for test following the procedures in Test
Grading, percent passing sieve: Method C185 for 20–30 sand orTest Method C109/C109M for
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
graded sand.
850 µm (No. 20) 85 to 100
8.1.2 Tests for air-entraining potential of a standard sand
600 µm (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100
425 µm (No. 40) 65 to 75 shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
300 µm (No. 50) 20 to 30
8.2 20–30 Sand—Prepare two batches of mortar with
150 µm (No. 100) 0 to 4
Dif
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C778 − 12 C778 − 13
Standard Specification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion
and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 20–30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded to pass a 850-μm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-μm (No.
30) sieve.
3.1.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded between the 600-μm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-μm (No. 100) sieve.
3.1.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost entirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used for
preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
4. Requirements
4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
entraining characteristics.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012June 1, 2013. Published June 2012 July 2013. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
C778 – 06.C778 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0778-12.10.1520/C0778-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C778 − 13
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand
Grading, percent passing sieve:
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
850 μm (No. 20) 85 to 100
600 μm (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100
425 μm (No. 40) 65 to 75
300 μm (No. 50) 20 to 30
150 μm (No. 100) 0 to 4
Difference in air content of mortars made 2.0 1.5
with washed and unwashed sand, max,
A
% air
Source of sand Ottawa, IL or Ottawa, IL
LeSuer, MN
A
This determination is needed when contamination of sand is suspected as
discussed in 8.1.
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING STANDARD SANDS
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.) diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the requirements
of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:
1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-μm (No. 40)
850-μm (No. 20) 300-μm (No. 50)
600-μm (No. 30) 150-μm (No. 100)
75-μm (No. 200)
5.2 Sample Splitter—The sample splitter, receptacles, and feeder pan or hopper shall conform to the general design requirements
listed in Method A, a
...