ASTM C778-21
(Specification)Standard Specification for Standard Sand
Standard Specification for Standard Sand
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements. Sand shall meet the requirements with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air entraining characteristics. Sieve analysis shall be performed by sieving the sand by hand or mechanically as prescribed. Results of the sieve analysis shall be reported as total percentage passing each sieve. Small amounts of some surfactants or other contaminants will produce air voids in mortars with 20-30 sand, graded sands or both. Tests for air-entraining potential of standard sand shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C778 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
testing of hydraulic cements.
ganic Cements
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
standard.
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in Size
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10,of DeterminingMassandVolumeforUseinPhysicalTesting
of Hydraulic Cements
measurements made in other units.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sieves
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to Terminology C219.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.1 20-30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to pass a 850-µm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-µm
(No. 30) sieve.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between the 600-µm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-µm (No. 100)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
sieve.
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
3.2.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost en-
Specimens)
tirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
for preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
4. Requirements
Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
4.1 SandshallmeettherequirementsofTable1withrespect
to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
entraining characteristics.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of
Standards.
STANDARD SANDS
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20137 as C778 – 17. DOI:
5. Apparatus
10.1520/C0778-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C778−21
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
8.1.1 Obtain a sample of at least 2800 g from a full bag of
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand sand. Place the remainder of the sand from the bag in a
Grading, percent passing sieve: concrete mixer of the drum type. Add sufficient potable water
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
to cover the sand and mix for 2 min. Decant the water over a
850 µm (No. 20) 85 to 100
75 µm (No. 200) sieve and drain for 2 min. Repeat the washing
600 µm (No. 30) 0 to 5
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C778 − 17 C778 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion
and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2021. Published August 2017December 2021. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 201320137
as C778 – 13.C778 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C0778-17.10.1520/C0778-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C778 − 21
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C219.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 20-30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded to pass a 850-μm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-μm (No. 30)
sieve.
3.2.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded between the 600-μm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-μm (No. 100) sieve.
3.2.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost entirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used for preparing
mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
4. Requirements
4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air entraining
characteristics.
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING STANDARD SANDS
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.) diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the requirements
of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:
1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-μm (No. 40)
850-μm (No. 20) 300-μm (No. 50)
600-μm (No. 30) 150-μm (No. 100)
75-μm (No. 200)
5.2 Sample Splitter—The sample splitter, receptacles, and feeder pan or hopper shall conform to the general design requirements
listed in Method A, appa
...
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