ASTM B855-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume as compared with flow per unit mass eliminates the variable of the powder density.
The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of interparticle friction. As the surface area increases, the amount of friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, the friction between particles increases, giving less efficient flow and packing.
Knowledge of the volumetric flow permits the number of parts that can be made per hour to be estimated.
This test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (P/M) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test by either the producer or the end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the flow characteristics of a given volume of powder.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (except for the Hall Flowmeter Funnel, which is produced in inch-pound units). The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B855 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold
1
Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the 3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal pow-
quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume ders and powder metallurgy used in this standard are found in
of a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture. Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM information is
available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the
1.2 Withtheexceceptionofthevaluesformass,volumeand
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeter
unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values 3.2.1 volumetric flow rate—the relation between time and
given in parenthesis are mathematical conversions to SI units
volume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by mea-
that are provided for information only and are not considered suringthetimeforaspecificvolumetoflowthroughtheorifice
standard.
in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel and expressing the ratio in seconds
3
per 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm ).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 A20 cm test portion of powder is prepared from the lot
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to be tested following the procedures in Test Methods B215
and B703.
2. Referenced Documents
3
4.2 This 20 cm test portion is timed as it flows through the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel following the procedure in
B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
Test Method B213.
the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
4.3 The volumetric flow rate is calculated and reported in
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
3
seconds per 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm )
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
5. Significance and Use
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow
3
characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume
2.2 MPIF Standard
as compared with flow per unit mass eliminates the variable of
MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Density of
the powder density and relates to the production practice of die
Metal Powders using the Arnold Meter
filling by volume.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of
interparticle friction.As the surface area increases, the amount
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit- of friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, the
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
friction between particles increases, giving less efficient flow
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
and packing.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B855 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/B0855-11.
5.3 Knowledge of the volumetric flow rate permits the part
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
producertoestimatethenumberofpartsthatcanbecompacted
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
per hour.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
5.4 Thistestmaybepartofthepurchaseagreementbetween
Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College
Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MPIF Standard 48 metal powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) part
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B855 − 11
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producers, or it can be an internal quality control test for any 8.3 Repeat 8.1 and 8.2 two more times, using a new 50 cm
company using metal powders. sample each time and record each of the three flow time
determinations to the n
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B855–06 Designation:B855–11
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold
1
Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers a procedure for measuring the flow characteristics of a given volume of powder.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (except for the Hall Flowmeter Funnel, which is produced
in inch-pound units). The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume of
a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.
1.2 With the exceception of the values for mass, volume and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeter
unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parenthesis are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B213 Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal Powders
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter Test Method for
Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
2.2 MPIF Standard
MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Powders using the Arnold Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal powders and powder metallurgy used in this standard are found in
Terminology B243.Additional descriptive PM information is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual
Book of ASTM Standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 volumetric flow rate—the time required for a given volume of powder to flow through an orifice in a standard instrument
according to a specified procedure. —the relation between time and volume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by
measuringthetimeforaspecificvolumetoflowthroughtheorificeinaHallFlowmeterFunnelandexpressingtheratioinseconds
3
per 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm ).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B855–94 (1999) . DOI:
10.1520/B0855-06.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B855 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/B0855-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The sole source of supply of theArnold Density Meter complete with bushing known to the committee at this time isArnold P/M Consulting Services, 648 Cedar Road,
St. Marys, PA 15857. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MPIF Standard 48
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B855–11
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1Th
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