ASTM D3053-18
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3053 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
Strength
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number (OAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
other readily available sources are not included.
ber
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
copy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
2. Referenced Documents
vidual Pellet Hardness
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
Attrition
D6602 PracticeforSamplingandTestingofPossibleCarbon
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
Particulate, or Both
Number D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Pressure
bution
3. Terminology
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den-
sity
3.1 Definitions:
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
morphology.
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
Rubber Products
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
Shipments
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
ments
3
primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological
1
features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglom-
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black erates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the
Nomenclature and Terminology.
primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
fused by covalent bonds into aggregates. The primary particles are
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3053 – 17a. DOI:
10.1520/D3053-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on is thermal black, in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primary
the ASTM website. particle sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 18
conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary
carbon black, thermal, acetylenic, n—a thermal black pro-
particle no longer exists, they are no longer discrete and have no
duced from acetylene gas.
physical boundaries amongst them. Once produced, individual aggre-
gates join together by van der Waals forces to form agglomerates.
carbon black, tread grade, n—a ty
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D3053 − 17a D3053 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected definitions for OAN and COAN in March 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Number
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass Strength
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
3
D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet Hardness (Withdrawn 2017)
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Individual Pellet Hardness
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or
Both
D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017June 1, 2018. Published January 2018June 2018. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D3053 – 17.D3053 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D3053-17AE01.10.1520/D3053-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 18
DISCUSSION—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology.
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of spheroidal
3
primary particles which exhibit uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering within
the primary particles.
DISCUSSION—
Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglomerates. While the fundamental
3
building block of carbon black is the primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly fused by covalent bonds into aggregates.
The primary particles are conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle no longer exists, they are no longer discrete
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.