ASTM F2371-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to quantify and compare the cooling provided by different Personal Cooling Systems (PCS’s) worn with a standard outer garment or with any other specified one.
The test method is intended to allow garments based on various cooling technologies to be evaluated fairly and objectively, by taking into account convective and evaporative heat transfer.
A sweating thermal manikin accurately accounts for evaporative cooling, which represents the only active means of heat transfer occurring in humans. Utilizing a sweating thermal manikin will also permit the heat removal rate to be measured for all types of PCS.
The measurements of heat removal rates and duration of cooling provided by the PCS’s depend on the apparatus and techniques used.
It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies.
Departures from the instructions in this test method will potentially lead to significantly different test results.
Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature, air motion measurement, evaporative cooling, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of heat removal rate from a sweating heated manikin as well as the duration of cooling provided by a cooling garment, in order to assess the effectiveness of PCS.
1.1.1 This test method requires the use of a sweating heated manikin. The sweating capability is essential, to take into account the potentially large fraction of heat dissipation associated with evaporative cooling.
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and additional clothing ensemble (standard outer garment, outer garment integrated to the PCS, or any other outer garment, as appropriate) as tested, and for the specified environmental conditions.
1.3 The values stated in this standard shall be SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2371 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling
1
Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Personal Cooling Systems (PCS) are used when wearers could be exposed to conditions that render
the body’s thermoregulatory system inadequate to maintain body core temperature within a safe range.
The use of PCS can reduce the possibility of heat stress related physiological disorders and can also
provide increased comfort, which in turn could also result in higher productivity. Cooling needs vary
greatly depending on the level of activity, the external temperature and humidity, as well as the
personal protective equipment worn. The PCS should be selected that is best suited for the specific
application. Sweating heated manikins provide a convenient tool to assess the effectiveness of PCS as
they can provide objective and repeatable results. These instruments can be used to quantify, in a
reproducible manner, the cooling rate and cooling duration provided by the PCS while eliminating the
variables associated with human physiology. Sweating heated manikins can be used for direct
comparisons of PCS.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of heat re-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
moval rate from a sweating heated manikin as well as the
duration of cooling provided by a cooling garment, in order to
2. Referenced Documents
2
assess the effectiveness of PCS.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 This test method requires the use of a sweating heated
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
manikin. The sweating capability is essential, to take into
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
account the potentially large fraction of heat dissipation asso-
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
ciated with evaporative cooling.
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates
tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and
additional clothing ensemble (standard outer garment, outer
3. Terminology
garment integrated to the PCS, or any other outer garment, as
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
appropriate) as tested, and for the specified environmental
3.1.1 clo, n—unit of thermal resistance defined as the
conditions.
insulation required to keep a resting man (producing heat at the
1.3 The values stated in this standard shall be SI units.
2
rate of 58 W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21°C, air
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
velocity 0.1 m/s, or roughly the insulation value of typical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
indoor clothing.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Numerically, the clo is equal to 0.155
2
K·m /W.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 3.1.2 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn
F23.60 on Human Factors.
together on the body at the same time.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2371 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/F2371-10.
2 3
The present standard does not attempt to determine the thermal insulation and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
evaporative resistance of garments worn with the PCS, or these same properties for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the PCS’s themselves. Test Methods F1291 and F2370 are available for these Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
measurements. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2371 − 10
3.1.3 garment, n—a single item of clothing (for example, 5.1.2.1 Sweating Surface Area—The surface area from
shirt). which water is evaporated must include the chest, back,
abdomen, buttocks, arms and legs. Ideally, the manikin’s head,
3.1.4 thermal insulation, n—the resistance to dry heat trans-
hands, and feet should be sweating also.
fer by way of conduction, convection, and radiation.
5.1.3 Surface
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2371–05 Designation:F2371–10
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Heat Removal Rate of Personal Cooling
1
Systems Using a Sweating Heated Manikin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Personal Cooling Systems (PCS) are used when wearers could be exposed to conditions that render
thebody’sthermoregulatorysysteminadequatetomaintainbodycoretemperaturewithinasaferange.
The use of PCS can reduce the possibility of heat stress related physiological disorders and can also
provide increased comfort, which in turn could also result in higher productivity. Cooling needs vary
greatly depending on the level of activity, the external temperature and humidity, as well as the
personal protective equipment worn. The PCS should be selected that is best suited for the specific
application. Sweating heated manikins provide a convenient tool to assess the effectiveness of PCS as
they can provide objective and repeatable results. These instruments can be used to quantify, in a
reproducible manner, the cooling rate and cooling duration provided by the PCS while eliminating the
variables associated with human physiology. Sweating heated manikins can be used for direct
comparisons of PCS.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of heat removal rate from a sweating heated manikin as well as the duration of
2
cooling provided by a cooling garment, in order to assess the effectiveness of PCS.
1.1.1 This test method requires the use of a sweating heated manikin. The sweating capability is essential, to take into account
the potentially large fraction of heat dissipation associated with evaporative cooling.
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and additional
clothing ensemble (standard outer garment, outer garment integrated to the PCS, or any other outer garment, as appropriate) as
tested, and for the specified environmental conditions.
1.3 The values stated in this standard shall be SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published November 2005. DOI: 10.1520/F2371-05.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2371 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/F2371-05.
2
The present standard does not attempt to determine the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of garments worn with the PCS, or these same properties for the
PCS’s themselves. Test Methods F1291 and F2370 are available for these measurements.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2371–10
3.2 clo, n—unit of thermal resistance defined as the insulation required to keep a resting man (producing heat at the rate of 58
2
W/m ) comfortable in an environment at 21°C, air velocity 0.1 m/s, or roughly the insulation value of typical indoor clothing.
2
3.2.1 Discussion—Numerically, the clo is equal to 0.155 K·m /W.
3.3 clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn together on the body at the same time.
3.4 garment, n—a single item of clot
...
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