ASTM D86-07b
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.
The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D86–07b
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
ucts (Reid Method)
petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of
Petroleum Products
such products as light and middle distillates, automotive
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine
Petroleum Products
fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, avia-
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
tionturbinefuels,1-Dand2-Ddieselfuels,biodieselblendsup
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas,
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
ucts (Automatic Method)
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
ucts (Mini Method)
quantities of residual material.
D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
Volatility Measurement
instruments.
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses
D 5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
are provided for information only.
(Automatic Tilt Method)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Rotational Method)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Lubricants
2. Referenced Documents E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
mometers
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
E 1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cyl-
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
inders
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
E 1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
Flasks
required.
3
2
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure—Reid Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 86–07a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D86–07b
TABLE 1 Preparation of Apparatus
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Flask, mL 125 125 125 125
ASTM distillation thermometer 7C (7F) 7C (7F) 7C (7F) 8C (8F)
IP distillation thermometer range low low low high
Flask support board B B C C
diameter of hole, mm 38 38 50 50
Temperature at start of test
Flask °C 13–18 13–18 13–18 not
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D86–07a Designation:D86–07b
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
determinequantitativelytheboilingrangecharacteristicsofsuchproductsaslightandmiddledistillates,automotivespark-ignition
engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D
and 2-D regular and low sulfur dieseldiesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas,
white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition of
the standards indicated below, unless otherwise specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlier
versions of the method(s) identified may be required.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) D2892Test Method for Distillation of Crude
Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method)
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
D 5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
D 5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E 1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
E 1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08.0AD02.08 on Distillation. Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123. It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved April 1,Nov. 15, 2007. Published April 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 86–07a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D86–07b
3
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure—Reid Method
IP 1
...
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