ASTM D5059-14(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
Standard Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods determine the concentration of lead (from alkyl addition) in gasoline. These alkyl additives improve the antiknock properties.
4.2 Test Method C is used to ensure compliance of trace lead as required by federal regulations for lead-free gasoline (40 CFR part 80).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total lead content of a gasoline within the following concentration ranges:
0.010 g Pb/US gal to 5.0 g Pb/US gal
0.012 g Pb/UK gal to 6.0 g Pb/UK gal
0.0026 g Pb/L to 1.32 g Pb/L
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of 0.10 g Pb/US gal to 5.0 g Pb/US gal. Test Method C covers the range of 0.010 g Pb/US gal to 0.50 g Pb/US gal.
1.1.2 These test methods compensate for normal variation in gasoline composition and are independent of lead alkyl type.
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 5 – 9.
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 10 – 14.
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D3229)—Sections 15 – 19.
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per U.S. gallon are the preferred units in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5059 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total 2.1 ASTM Standards:
lead content of a gasoline within the following concentration D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Mono-
ranges: chloride Method
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
0.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g Pb ⁄US gal
0.012 g Pb ⁄UK gal to 6.0 g Pb ⁄UK gal
Petroleum Products
0.0026gPb⁄Lto1.32gPb⁄L
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
0.10 g Pb⁄US galto5.0 g Pb⁄US gal.TestMethodCcoversthe
Measurement System Performance
range of 0.010 g Pb⁄US gal to 0.50 g Pb⁄US gal.
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-
1.1.2 These test methods compensate for normal variation
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing
ingasolinecompositionandareindependentofleadalkyltype.
Laboratories
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
3. Summary of Test Method
D2599)—Sections5–9.
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
3.1 There are three alternative test methods, as follows.
D2599)—Sections10–14. 3.1.1 Test Method A (Bismuth Internal Standard Method
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
High Concentration)—One volume of sample is mixed thor-
D3229)—Sections15–19.
oughly with an equal volume of bismuth internal standard
solution. The mixture is placed in the X-ray beam and the
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the
intensitiesofthelead L-α radiationat1.175 Åandthebismuth
1
standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per
L-α radiation at 1.144 Å are determined. The lead concentra-
1
U.S. gallon are the preferred units in the United States. Note
tion of the sample is measured by comparing the ratio of gross
that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
counting rate at 1.175 Å with the gross counting rate at 1.144 Å
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to a previous prepared calibration curve of concentration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
versus the same ratios.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 Test Method B (Scattered Tungsten Radiation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Method)—The ratio of the net X-ray intensity of the lead L-α
1
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
radiation to the net intensity of the incoherently scattered
For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
tungsten L-α radiation is obtained on a portion of the sample.
1
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
The lead content is determined by multiplying this ratio by a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
calibration factor obtained with a standard lead solution of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
known concentration.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 Test Method C (Bismuth Internal Standard Method,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Low Concentration)—Twenty millilitres of sample is mixed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thoroughly with two millilitres of bismuth internal standard
solution. The mixture is placed in the X-ray beam of a
spectrometer and the intensities of the lead L-α radiation at
1
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
2
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5059 – 14. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D5059-14R19. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Initially published as D2599 – 67T and D3229 – 73, now withdrawn. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5059 − 14 (
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5059 − 14 D5059 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total lead content of a gasoline within the following concentration ranges:
0.010 to 5.0 g Pb/US gal
0.012 to 6.0 g Pb/UK gal
0.0026 to 1.32 g Pb/L
0.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g Pb ⁄US gal
0.012 g Pb ⁄UK gal to 6.0 g Pb ⁄UK gal
0.0026 g Pb ⁄L to 1.32 g Pb ⁄L
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of 0.100.10 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g5.0 g Pb Pb/US gal. ⁄US gal. Test Method C covers
the range of 0.0100.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 0.50 g 0.50 g Pb Pb/US gal.⁄US gal.
1.1.2 These test methods compensate for normal variation in gasoline composition and are independent of lead alkyl type.
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 5 – 9.
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 10 – 14.
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D3229)—Sections 15 – 19.
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per U.S. gallon
are the preferred units in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Monochloride Method
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 There are three alternative test methods, as follows.
3.1.1 Test Method A (Bismuth Internal Standard Method High Concentration)—One volume of sample is mixed thoroughly with
an equal volume of bismuth internal standard solution. The mixture is placed in the X-ray beam and the intensities of the lead L-α
1
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published July 2014June 2019. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D5059 – 13.D5059 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D5059-14.10.1520/D5059-14R19.
Initially published as D2599D2599 – 67 – 67T T and D3229D3229 – 73 – 73, , now withdrawn.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5059 − 14 (2019)
radiation at 1.175 1.175 Å and the bismuth L-α radiation at 1.144 Å are determined. The lead concentration of the sample is
1
measured by comparing the ratio of gross counting rate at 1.175 1.175 Å with the gross counting rate at 1.144 Å to a previous
prepared calibration curve of concentration versus the same ratios.
3.1.2 Test Method B (Scattered Tungsten Radiation Method)—The
...
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