ASTM D8178-18e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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´1
Designation: D8178 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section X1.2 editorially updated in September 2019.
DISCUSSION—The original spheroidal primary particles of carbon
1. Scope
black fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an acini-
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
form morphology. Recovered carbon blacks retain these aciniform
technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry.
aggregate structures.
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
carbon black, furnace, n—atypeofcarbonblackproducedby
other readily available sources are not included.
the decomposition reaction of primarily liquid hydrocarbons
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
when injected into a high-velocity stream of combustion
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
gases under controlled conditions.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
DISCUSSION—The primary type of carbon black used in production of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
rubber compound, especially used in tires and other black rubber
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
articles.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced
2. Referenced Documents
under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of
2
gaseous hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
DISCUSSION—This carbon black lacks significant aciniform morphol-
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
ogy and as such is used primarily in non-tire applications. Use of
Attrition
non-tire rubber feedstock may result in the recovery of this carbon
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
black type.
3. Terminology
fines, n—that portion of pelletized recovered carbon black that
3.1 Definitions:
passes through a specified sieve under standard conditions.
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D1508.
heating loss, n—mass loss, in percent, when recovered carbon
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on
black is heated at 125°C for 1 h; the heating loss is primarily
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D36.30 on Nomenclature.
attributed to moisture content.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D1509.
D8178-18E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
erate mass that has been densified in spheroidal form to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
facilitate handling and processing.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D8178 − 18
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. EXISTING STANDARDS RECOGNIZED BY COMMITTEE D36
X1.1 The following is a list of existing standards that are D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in
currently available for use in the industry. These standards are
Rubber
maintained by ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black; D3053 Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
3
however, they can be applied for use in the rCB industry.
D3191 Test Methods for Carbon Black in SBR (Styrene-
Butadiene Rubber)—Recipe and Evaluation Procedures
X1.2 In 2017, Committee D36 approved to recognize these
D3192 Test Methods for Carbon Black Evaluation in NR
standards as acceptable for use in the rCB industry until rCB
(Natural Rubber)
statistical data is available that may suggest otherwise.
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
D1506 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Ash Content
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
D4122 Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of an In-
Attrition
dustry Reference Black
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D4821 Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Method Precision and Bias
bution
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
D1512 Test Methods for Carbon Black—pH Value
vidual Pellet Hardness
D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8178 − 18 D8178 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section X1.2 editorially updated in September 2019.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms
that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
DISCUSSION—
The original spheroidal primary particles of carbon black fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology. Recovered
carbon blacks retain these aciniform aggregate structures.
carbon black, furnace, n—a type of carbon black produced by the decomposition reaction of primarily liquid hydrocarbons when
injected into a high-velocity stream of combustion gases under controlled conditions.
DISCUSSION—
The primary type of carbon black used in production of rubber compound, especially used in tires and other black rubber articles.
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of gaseous
hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
DISCUSSION—
This carbon black lacks significant aciniform morphology and as such is used primarily in non-tire applications. Use of non-tire rubber feedstock may
result in the recovery of this carbon black type.
fines, n—that portion of pelletized recovered carbon black that passes through a specified sieve under standard conditions.
DISCUSSION—
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D36.30 on
Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D8178-18.10.1520/D8178-18E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D8178 − 18
See Test Method D1508.
heating loss, n—mass loss, in percent, when recovered carbon black is heated at 125°C for 1 h; the heating loss is primarily
attributed to moisture content.
DISCUSSION—
See Test Method D1509.
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglomerate mass that has been densified in spheroidal form to facilitate
handling and processing.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. EXISTING STANDARDS RECOGNIZED BY COMMITTEE D36
X1.1 The following is a list of existing standards that are currently available for use in the industry. These standards are maintained
3
by ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black; however, they can be applied for use in the rCB industry.
X1.2 In 2017, Committee D36 approved to recognize these standards as acceptable for use in the rCB industry until rCB statistical
data is available that may suggest otherwise.
D1506 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Ash Content
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1512 Test Methods for Carbon Black—pH Value
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables – Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1619 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Sulfur Content
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D19
...
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